TY - JOUR
T1 - Design of biodegradable and biocompatible conjugated polymers for bioelectronics
AU - Tropp, Joshua
AU - Rivnay, Jonathan
N1 - Funding Information:
J. T. was primarily supported by an ONR YIP (SP0056955). J. R. gratefully acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation (FG-2019-12046).
Funding Information:
Dr Jonathan Rivnay earned his BSc in 2006 from Cornell University (Ithaca, NY). He then moved to Stanford University (Stanford, CA) where he earned a MSc and PhD in Materials Science and Engineering studying the structure and electronic transport properties of organic electronic materials. In 2012, he joined the Department of Bioelectronics at the Ecole des Mines de Saint-Etienne in France as a Marie Curie post-doctoral fellow, working on conducting polymer-based devices for bioelectronics. Jonathan spent 2015–2016 as a member of the research staff in the Printed Electronics group at the Palo Alto Research Center (Palo Alto, CA) before joining the Department of Biomedical Engineering at Northwestern University in 2017. He is a recipient of an NSF CAREER award, ONR Young Investigator award, and has been named an Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow, and MRS Outstanding Early Career Investigator.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021.
PY - 2021/10/21
Y1 - 2021/10/21
N2 - The emerging field of bioelectronics leverages the optoelectronic properties of synthetic materials to interface with living systems. The convergence of modern electronics with biology has offered lifesaving medical treatments, with applications related to drug delivery, regenerative engineering, and continuous biosignal monitoring for healthcare on the horizon. This next generation of bioelectronic technologies requires an intimate biointerface, necessitating electroactive materials which are both mechanically and physiochemically compatible. Organic systems such as conjugated polymers offer an alternative design space for electroactive materials that are mechanically compatible (flexible, stretchable, conformal) and chemically tunable through various well-established synthetic methods and can therefore be tailored for integration with biological systems. Currently, conjugated polymers utilized for bioelectronic applications consist of prominent high-performing materials emerging from adjacent organic electronic communities with slight chemical modifications, and are therefore generally not well-suited for the entire lifecycle of a biomaterial. While early investigations have demonstrated the potential of such conjugated polymers as semiconductors and conductorsin vivo, their limited biodegradability and long-term biocompatibility have slowed widespread adoption and clinical translation. To aid in the development of the next generation of bioelectronic materials, this review details various synthetic strategies to endow a conjugated material with degradability and biocompatibility. Prominent examples of conjugated materials are used to illustrate design principles, current limitations, and future directions towards such electroactive materials. The main factors that need to be considered for the rational design of biodegradable and biocompatible conjugated polymers for bioelectronic applications are highlighted, with future directions emphasized.
AB - The emerging field of bioelectronics leverages the optoelectronic properties of synthetic materials to interface with living systems. The convergence of modern electronics with biology has offered lifesaving medical treatments, with applications related to drug delivery, regenerative engineering, and continuous biosignal monitoring for healthcare on the horizon. This next generation of bioelectronic technologies requires an intimate biointerface, necessitating electroactive materials which are both mechanically and physiochemically compatible. Organic systems such as conjugated polymers offer an alternative design space for electroactive materials that are mechanically compatible (flexible, stretchable, conformal) and chemically tunable through various well-established synthetic methods and can therefore be tailored for integration with biological systems. Currently, conjugated polymers utilized for bioelectronic applications consist of prominent high-performing materials emerging from adjacent organic electronic communities with slight chemical modifications, and are therefore generally not well-suited for the entire lifecycle of a biomaterial. While early investigations have demonstrated the potential of such conjugated polymers as semiconductors and conductorsin vivo, their limited biodegradability and long-term biocompatibility have slowed widespread adoption and clinical translation. To aid in the development of the next generation of bioelectronic materials, this review details various synthetic strategies to endow a conjugated material with degradability and biocompatibility. Prominent examples of conjugated materials are used to illustrate design principles, current limitations, and future directions towards such electroactive materials. The main factors that need to be considered for the rational design of biodegradable and biocompatible conjugated polymers for bioelectronic applications are highlighted, with future directions emphasized.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117318780&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85117318780&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/d1tc03600a
DO - 10.1039/d1tc03600a
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85117318780
SN - 2050-7526
VL - 9
SP - 13543
EP - 13556
JO - Journal of Materials Chemistry C
JF - Journal of Materials Chemistry C
IS - 39
ER -