Determinants of Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Implementation in Transgender Populations: A Qualitative Scoping Review

Alithia Zamantakis, Dennis H. Li, Nanette Benbow, Justin D. Smith, Brian Mustanski*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

12 Scopus citations

Abstract

We conducted a scoping review of contextual factors impeding uptake and adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis in transgender communities as an in-depth analysis of the transgender population within a previously published systematic review. Using a machine learning screening process, title and abstract screening, and full-text review, the initial systematic review identified 353 articles for analysis. These articles were peer-reviewed, implementation-related studies of PrEP in the U.S. published after 2000. Twenty-two articles were identified in this search as transgender related. An additional eleven articles were identified through citations of these twenty-two articles, resulting in thirty-three articles in the current analysis. These thirty-three articles were qualitatively coded in NVivo using adapted constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research as individual codes. Codes were thematically assessed. We point to barriers of implementing PrEP, including lack of intentional dissemination efforts and patience assistance, structural factors, including sex work, racism, and access to gender affirming health care, and lack of provider training. Finally, over 60% of articles lumped cisgender men who have sex with men with trans women. Such articles included sub-samples of transgender individuals that were not representative. We point to areas of growth for the field in this regard.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1600-1618
Number of pages19
JournalAIDS and behavior
Volume27
Issue number5
DOIs
StatePublished - May 2023

Funding

This work was supported by a supplement grant to the Third Coast Center for AIDS Research, an NIH-funded center (P30 AI117943; PIs: Mustanski & D’Aquila; Supplement PIs: Mustanski & Benbow), and a training grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH130325; PI: Newcomb). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The sponsors had no involvement in the conduct of the research or the preparation of the article.

Keywords

  • Determinants of implementation
  • HIV/AIDS
  • Implementation science
  • Pre-exposure prophylaxis
  • Qualitative analysis
  • Scoping review
  • Transgender health

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Social Psychology

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