Diet Patterns Are Associated with Circulating Metabolites and Lipid Profiles of South Asians in the United States

Meghana D. Gadgil; Alka M. Kanaya; Caroline Sands; Elena Chekmeneva; Matthew R. Lewis; Namratha R. Kandula; David M. Herrington

doi:10.1093/jn/nxac191

Diet Patterns Are Associated with Circulating Metabolites and Lipid Profiles of South Asians in the United States

Meghana D. Gadgil^*, Alka M. Kanaya, Caroline Sands, Elena Chekmeneva, Matthew R. Lewis, Namratha R. Kandula, David M. Herrington

^*Corresponding author for this work

Medicine, General Medicine Division

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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Abstract

Background: South Asians are at higher risk for cardiometabolic disease than many other racial/ethnic minority groups. Diet patterns in US South Asians have unique components associated with cardiometabolic disease. Objectives: We aimed to characterize the metabolites associated with 3 representative diet patterns. Methods: We included 722 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort study aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease. Fasting serum specimens and diet and demographic questionnaires were collected at baseline and diet patterns previously generated through principal components analysis. LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analysis was conducted with targeted integration of known metabolite and lipid signals. Linear regression models of diet pattern factor score and log-transformed metabolites adjusted for age, sex, caloric intake, and BMI and adjusted for multiple comparisons were performed, followed by elastic net linear regression of significant metabolites. Results: There were 443 metabolites of known identity extracted from the profiling data. The "animal protein"diet pattern was associated with 61 metabolites and lipids, including glycerophospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine PE(O-16:1/20:4) and/or PE(P-16:0/20:4) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) NAPE(O-18:1/20:4/18:0) and/or NAPE(P-18:0/20:4/18:0) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) (22:6/0:0) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.17), and fatty acid (FA) (22:6) (β: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.17). The "fried snacks, sweets, high-fat dairy"pattern was associated with 12 lipids, including PC(16:0/22:6) (β: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.06) and FA (22:6) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.10). The "fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes"pattern was associated with 5 metabolites including proline betaine (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.25) (P < 0.0002). Conclusions: Three predominant dietary patterns in US South Asians are associated with circulating metabolites differentiated by lipids including glycerophospholipids and PUFAs and the amino acid proline betaine.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2358-2366
Number of pages	9
Journal	Journal of Nutrition
Volume	152
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxac191
State	Published - Nov 1 2022

Funding

MDG is supported by 1K23DK119404-01A1 from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. The MASALA study was supported by grant number R01HL093009 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Center for Research Resources and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, through UCSF-CTSI grant number UL1RR024131. The metabolomic measurements were supported by an anonymous gift to NRK. This study was also supported by the Medical Research Council and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR; grant NC-PC-12025); infrastructure support was provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC)

Keywords

South Asian
cardiovascular risk
diet patterns
lipids
metabolomics

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Medicine (miscellaneous)
Nutrition and Dietetics

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1093/jn/nxac191

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@article{aba02123b5cc4c86840a8f2ad14875fa,

title = "Diet Patterns Are Associated with Circulating Metabolites and Lipid Profiles of South Asians in the United States",

abstract = "Background: South Asians are at higher risk for cardiometabolic disease than many other racial/ethnic minority groups. Diet patterns in US South Asians have unique components associated with cardiometabolic disease. Objectives: We aimed to characterize the metabolites associated with 3 representative diet patterns. Methods: We included 722 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort study aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease. Fasting serum specimens and diet and demographic questionnaires were collected at baseline and diet patterns previously generated through principal components analysis. LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analysis was conducted with targeted integration of known metabolite and lipid signals. Linear regression models of diet pattern factor score and log-transformed metabolites adjusted for age, sex, caloric intake, and BMI and adjusted for multiple comparisons were performed, followed by elastic net linear regression of significant metabolites. Results: There were 443 metabolites of known identity extracted from the profiling data. The {"}animal protein{"}diet pattern was associated with 61 metabolites and lipids, including glycerophospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine PE(O-16:1/20:4) and/or PE(P-16:0/20:4) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) NAPE(O-18:1/20:4/18:0) and/or NAPE(P-18:0/20:4/18:0) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) (22:6/0:0) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.17), and fatty acid (FA) (22:6) (β: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.17). The {"}fried snacks, sweets, high-fat dairy{"}pattern was associated with 12 lipids, including PC(16:0/22:6) (β: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.06) and FA (22:6) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.10). The {"}fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes{"}pattern was associated with 5 metabolites including proline betaine (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.25) (P < 0.0002). Conclusions: Three predominant dietary patterns in US South Asians are associated with circulating metabolites differentiated by lipids including glycerophospholipids and PUFAs and the amino acid proline betaine.",

keywords = "South Asian, cardiovascular risk, diet patterns, lipids, metabolomics",

author = "Gadgil, {Meghana D.} and Kanaya, {Alka M.} and Caroline Sands and Elena Chekmeneva and Lewis, {Matthew R.} and Kandula, {Namratha R.} and Herrington, {David M.}",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.",

year = "2022",

month = nov,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/jn/nxac191",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "152",

pages = "2358--2366",

journal = "Journal of Nutrition",

issn = "0022-3166",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

number = "11",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Diet Patterns Are Associated with Circulating Metabolites and Lipid Profiles of South Asians in the United States

AU - Gadgil, Meghana D.

AU - Kanaya, Alka M.

AU - Sands, Caroline

AU - Chekmeneva, Elena

AU - Lewis, Matthew R.

AU - Kandula, Namratha R.

AU - Herrington, David M.

PY - 2022/11/1

Y1 - 2022/11/1

N2 - Background: South Asians are at higher risk for cardiometabolic disease than many other racial/ethnic minority groups. Diet patterns in US South Asians have unique components associated with cardiometabolic disease. Objectives: We aimed to characterize the metabolites associated with 3 representative diet patterns. Methods: We included 722 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort study aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease. Fasting serum specimens and diet and demographic questionnaires were collected at baseline and diet patterns previously generated through principal components analysis. LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analysis was conducted with targeted integration of known metabolite and lipid signals. Linear regression models of diet pattern factor score and log-transformed metabolites adjusted for age, sex, caloric intake, and BMI and adjusted for multiple comparisons were performed, followed by elastic net linear regression of significant metabolites. Results: There were 443 metabolites of known identity extracted from the profiling data. The "animal protein"diet pattern was associated with 61 metabolites and lipids, including glycerophospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine PE(O-16:1/20:4) and/or PE(P-16:0/20:4) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) NAPE(O-18:1/20:4/18:0) and/or NAPE(P-18:0/20:4/18:0) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) (22:6/0:0) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.17), and fatty acid (FA) (22:6) (β: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.17). The "fried snacks, sweets, high-fat dairy"pattern was associated with 12 lipids, including PC(16:0/22:6) (β: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.06) and FA (22:6) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.10). The "fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes"pattern was associated with 5 metabolites including proline betaine (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.25) (P < 0.0002). Conclusions: Three predominant dietary patterns in US South Asians are associated with circulating metabolites differentiated by lipids including glycerophospholipids and PUFAs and the amino acid proline betaine.

AB - Background: South Asians are at higher risk for cardiometabolic disease than many other racial/ethnic minority groups. Diet patterns in US South Asians have unique components associated with cardiometabolic disease. Objectives: We aimed to characterize the metabolites associated with 3 representative diet patterns. Methods: We included 722 participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) cohort study aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease. Fasting serum specimens and diet and demographic questionnaires were collected at baseline and diet patterns previously generated through principal components analysis. LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analysis was conducted with targeted integration of known metabolite and lipid signals. Linear regression models of diet pattern factor score and log-transformed metabolites adjusted for age, sex, caloric intake, and BMI and adjusted for multiple comparisons were performed, followed by elastic net linear regression of significant metabolites. Results: There were 443 metabolites of known identity extracted from the profiling data. The "animal protein"diet pattern was associated with 61 metabolites and lipids, including glycerophospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine PE(O-16:1/20:4) and/or PE(P-16:0/20:4) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14) and N-acyl phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs) NAPE(O-18:1/20:4/18:0) and/or NAPE(P-18:0/20:4/18:0) (β: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.14), lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI) (22:6/0:0) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.17), and fatty acid (FA) (22:6) (β: 0.15; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.17). The "fried snacks, sweets, high-fat dairy"pattern was associated with 12 lipids, including PC(16:0/22:6) (β: -0.08; 95% CI: -0.09, -0.06) and FA (22:6) (β: 0.14; 95% CI: -0.17, -0.10). The "fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes"pattern was associated with 5 metabolites including proline betaine (β: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.25) (P < 0.0002). Conclusions: Three predominant dietary patterns in US South Asians are associated with circulating metabolites differentiated by lipids including glycerophospholipids and PUFAs and the amino acid proline betaine.

KW - South Asian

KW - cardiovascular risk

KW - diet patterns

KW - lipids

KW - metabolomics

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U2 - 10.1093/jn/nxac191

DO - 10.1093/jn/nxac191

M3 - Article

C2 - 36774102

AN - SCOPUS:85144803739

SN - 0022-3166

VL - 152

SP - 2358

EP - 2366

JO - Journal of Nutrition

JF - Journal of Nutrition

IS - 11

ER -

Diet Patterns Are Associated with Circulating Metabolites and Lipid Profiles of South Asians in the United States

Abstract

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UN SDGs

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