Abstract
The rapid development of mRNA-based vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the design of accelerated vaccination schedules that have been extremely effective in naive individuals. While a two-dose immunization regimen with the BNT162b2 vaccine has been demonstrated to provide a 95% efficacy in naive individuals, the effects of the second vaccine dose in individuals who have previously recovered from natural SARS-CoV-2 infection has not been investigated in detail. In this study, we characterize SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific humoral and cellular immunity in naive and previously infected individuals during and after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccination. Our results demonstrate that, while the second dose increases both the humoral and cellular immunity in naive individuals, COVID-19 recovered individuals reach their peak of immunity after the first dose. These results suggests that a second dose, according to the current standard regimen of vaccination, may be not necessary in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 109570 |
| Journal | Cell reports |
| Volume | 36 |
| Issue number | 8 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Aug 24 2021 |
Funding
We acknowledge the technical contributions of Daniel Arroyo Sánchez, Jana Baranda, Sara Baztan-Morales, María Castillo de la Osa, Alejandra Comins-Boo, Carmen del Álamo Mayo, Sergio Gil-Manso, Sandra Gonzalez Beatriz; Hatem, Juan Irure-Ventura, Iria Miguens, Sara Muñoz Martinez, Monica Pereira, Catarina Rodrigues-Guerreiro, Mercedes Rodriguez-Garcia, and David San Segundo. We would also like to acknowledge Beckman Coulter for donating the equipment required for the determination of spike-specific IgG antibodies. Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute of the NIH (5R01HD102614-02; R01CA249204 and R01CA248984) and an ISMMS seed fund to E.G. The authors gratefully acknowledge use of the services and facilities of the Tisch Cancer Institute supported by a NCI Cancer Center Support Grant (P30 CA196521). M.S. was supported by a NCI training grant (T32CA078207). This work was supported by an ISMMS seed fund to J.O.; Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20-00668) to R.C.R.; the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (COVID-19 research call COV20/00181) co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe” to E.P.; the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (COV20/00170); the Government of Cantabria, Spain (2020UIC22-PUB-0019) to M.L.H.; the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16CIII/00012) to P.P.; the Fondo Social Europeo e Iniciativa de Empleo Juvenil YEI (Grant PEJ2018-004557-A) to M.P.E.; and by REDInREN 016/009/009 ISCIII. This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs VACCELERATE and INsTRuCT under grant agreements 101037867 and 860003. Overall design of the project, E.G. A.B. and J.O.; acquisition of experimental data, all co-authors; generation of reagents and scientific inputs, all co-authors. J.O. D.L.-O. E.G. and A.B. wrote the manuscript with input from all co-authors. A.B. declares the filing of a patent application relating to the use of peptide pools in whole blood for detection of SARS-CoV-2 T cells (pending). The remaining authors declare no competing interests. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of the LGBTQ+ community. We acknowledge the technical contributions of Daniel Arroyo Sánchez, Jana Baranda, Sara Baztan-Morales, María Castillo de la Osa, Alejandra Comins-Boo, Carmen del Álamo Mayo, Sergio Gil-Manso, Sandra Gonzalez Beatriz; Hatem, Juan Irure-Ventura, Iria Miguens, Sara Muñoz Martinez, Monica Pereira, Catarina Rodrigues-Guerreiro, Mercedes Rodriguez-Garcia, and David San Segundo. We would also like to acknowledge Beckman Coulter for donating the equipment required for the determination of spike-specific IgG antibodies. Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute of the NIH ( 5R01HD102614-02 ; R01CA249204 and R01CA248984 ) and an ISMMS seed fund to E.G. The authors gratefully acknowledge use of the services and facilities of the Tisch Cancer Institute supported by a NCI Cancer Center Support Grant ( P30 CA196521 ). M.S. was supported by a NCI training grant ( T32CA078207 ). This work was supported by an ISMMS seed fund to J.O.; Instituto de Salud Carlos III ( COV20-00668 ) to R.C.R.; the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (COVID-19 research call COV20/00181 ) co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund “A way to achieve Europe” to E.P.; the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain ( COV20/00170 ); the Government of Cantabria, Spain ( 2020UIC22-PUB-0019 ) to M.L.H.; the Instituto de Salud Carlos III ( PI16CIII/00012 ) to P.P.; the Fondo Social Europeo e Iniciativa de Empleo Juvenil YEI (Grant PEJ2018-004557-A ) to M.P.E.; and by REDInREN 016/009/009 ISCIII . This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation programs VACCELERATE and INsTRuCT under grant agreements 101037867 and 860003 .
Keywords
- BNT162b2 vaccine
- COVID-19
- SARS-CoV-2
- T-cell immunity
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
