TY - JOUR
T1 - Diffusion coefficients of transition metals in fcc cobalt
AU - Naghavi, S. Shahab
AU - Hegde, Vinay I.
AU - Wolverton, C.
N1 - Funding Information:
We acknowledge helpful advice from the referee of this paper on the interplay between correlation and the dominant frequency in the five-frequency model. SSN and CW were supported by financial assistance from award 70NANB14H012 from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD). VIH was supported by the National Science Foundation through grant DMR-1309957. The computational work was done using Quest High Performance Computing Cluster at Northwestern University, and resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing (NERSC) Center, a DOE Office of Science User Facility supported by the Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Acta Materialia Inc.
PY - 2017/6/15
Y1 - 2017/6/15
N2 - Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT), we calculate the diffusivities of 32 different solute elements—all transition metals, together with Al and Si—in fcc cobalt within the formalism of the five-frequency model. For self-diffusion in fcc cobalt, we compare the accuracy of various approximations to the exchange-correlation energy functional of DFT in estimating the activation energy, and find that only the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) approximation agrees well with experimental reports and all other functionals largely overestimate it. Our calculations also show that an accurate estimation of the self-diffusion coefficient requires explicit calculation of the effective jump frequency and vacancy formation entropy via phonons. Using accurate self-diffusion data and scaling all solute-related attempt frequencies with respect to the attempt frequency for self-diffusion using a simple relation involving the atomic mass and melting temperature of the solute yields solute diffusivities in excellent agreement with experiments, where such data is available. We find that large solutes spontaneously relax toward the nearest neighbor vacancy to relieve the misfit strain, and the extent of this relaxation correlates negatively with the migration energy. Thus, in general, larger solutes have lower migration energies and diffuse faster than smaller solutes in fcc cobalt. However, extremely large solutes, e.g., group III elements Sc, Y, Lu, tend to be trapped in an energy valley located halfway toward the vacancy, and monovacancy mediated diffusion may no longer be valid in such cases. Finally, for all the solutes considered, we systematically tabulate the diffusion-related quantities calculated—diffusion prefactors, migration and activation energies—constructing an extensive and accurate first-principles database for solute diffusion in fcc cobalt.
AB - Using first-principles density functional theory (DFT), we calculate the diffusivities of 32 different solute elements—all transition metals, together with Al and Si—in fcc cobalt within the formalism of the five-frequency model. For self-diffusion in fcc cobalt, we compare the accuracy of various approximations to the exchange-correlation energy functional of DFT in estimating the activation energy, and find that only the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) approximation agrees well with experimental reports and all other functionals largely overestimate it. Our calculations also show that an accurate estimation of the self-diffusion coefficient requires explicit calculation of the effective jump frequency and vacancy formation entropy via phonons. Using accurate self-diffusion data and scaling all solute-related attempt frequencies with respect to the attempt frequency for self-diffusion using a simple relation involving the atomic mass and melting temperature of the solute yields solute diffusivities in excellent agreement with experiments, where such data is available. We find that large solutes spontaneously relax toward the nearest neighbor vacancy to relieve the misfit strain, and the extent of this relaxation correlates negatively with the migration energy. Thus, in general, larger solutes have lower migration energies and diffuse faster than smaller solutes in fcc cobalt. However, extremely large solutes, e.g., group III elements Sc, Y, Lu, tend to be trapped in an energy valley located halfway toward the vacancy, and monovacancy mediated diffusion may no longer be valid in such cases. Finally, for all the solutes considered, we systematically tabulate the diffusion-related quantities calculated—diffusion prefactors, migration and activation energies—constructing an extensive and accurate first-principles database for solute diffusion in fcc cobalt.
KW - Cobalt-based superalloys
KW - First-principles DFT
KW - Five-frequency model
KW - Solute diffusion
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U2 - 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.04.060
DO - 10.1016/j.actamat.2017.04.060
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85019077769
VL - 132
SP - 467
EP - 478
JO - Acta Materialia
JF - Acta Materialia
SN - 1359-6454
ER -