Diffusion, mixing, and segregation in confined granular flows

Discrete element method simulations of confined bidisperse granular shear flows elucidate the balance between diffusion and segregation that can lead to either mixed or segregated states, depending on confining pressure. Results indicate that the collisional diffusion is essentially independent of overburden pressure. Because the rate of segregation diminishes with overburden pressure, the tendency for particles to segregate weakens relative to the remixing of particles due to collisional diffusion as the overburden pressure increases. Using a continuum approach that includes a pressure-dependent segregation velocity and a pressure-independent diffusion coefficient, the interplay between diffusion and segregation is accurately predicted for both size and density bidisperse mixtures over a wide range of flow conditions when compared to simulation results. Additional simulations with initially segregated conditions demonstrate that applying a high enough overburden pressure can suppress segregation to the point that collisional diffusion mixes the segregated particles.