TY - JOUR
T1 - Digital compression of echocardiograms
T2 - impact on quantitative interpretation of color Doppler velocity.
AU - Thomas, J. D.
AU - Chandra, S.
AU - Karson, T. H.
AU - Pu, M.
AU - Vandervoort, P. M.
N1 - Funding Information:
Unfortunately, the massive storage requirements for full-screen color echocardiography (up to 22 MB/sec) mandate that some form of digital compression be used for more efficient storage of all but the most limited echocardiographic data. We have previously shown that Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) compression, an internationally recognized standard, results in little visible image deg- From the CardiovascularI maging Center, Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Supported in part by Grant-in-Aid 93013380 from the American Heart Association, Dallas, Texas, and an equipment grant from Hewlett-Packard, Co., Andover, Mass. Reprint requests: James D. Thomas, MD, FACC, Department of Cardiology, Desk F-I5, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195. Copyright © 1996 by the American Societyo f Echocardiography. 0894-7317/96 $5.00 + 0 27/1/72761
PY - 1996
Y1 - 1996
N2 - To test the impact of Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) compression on the quantitative data encoded in color Doppler echocardiographic images, digital images from transesophageal echocardiography and an in vitro model of proximal flow convergence were analyzed before and after JPEG compression with compression ratios (CRs) as high as 65:1. Even at the highest CRs, greater than 95% of the pixels were categorized correctly as representing structure (gray scale) and greater than 98% were categorized correctly as representing velocity (color) data. Furthermore, the velocities and flows recovered from the compressed images agreed well (r = 0.998 [velocities] and r = 0.998 [flows] for CR = 7:1, falling to r = 0.881 [velocities] and r = 0.930 [flows] at CR = 65:1; p < 0.001 for the linear trend with CR). There was similarly little shift in the location of the red-blue aliasing contour, rising from an error of 0.05 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SD) mm at CR = 7:1 to a maximum error of 0.11 +/- 0.36 mm at CR = 44:1. Thus JPEG compression has little impact on the quantitative velocity data encoded within color Doppler echocardiograms, which should allow widespread acceptance of digital transmission and storage.
AB - To test the impact of Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) compression on the quantitative data encoded in color Doppler echocardiographic images, digital images from transesophageal echocardiography and an in vitro model of proximal flow convergence were analyzed before and after JPEG compression with compression ratios (CRs) as high as 65:1. Even at the highest CRs, greater than 95% of the pixels were categorized correctly as representing structure (gray scale) and greater than 98% were categorized correctly as representing velocity (color) data. Furthermore, the velocities and flows recovered from the compressed images agreed well (r = 0.998 [velocities] and r = 0.998 [flows] for CR = 7:1, falling to r = 0.881 [velocities] and r = 0.930 [flows] at CR = 65:1; p < 0.001 for the linear trend with CR). There was similarly little shift in the location of the red-blue aliasing contour, rising from an error of 0.05 +/- 0.19 (mean +/- SD) mm at CR = 7:1 to a maximum error of 0.11 +/- 0.36 mm at CR = 44:1. Thus JPEG compression has little impact on the quantitative velocity data encoded within color Doppler echocardiograms, which should allow widespread acceptance of digital transmission and storage.
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U2 - 10.1016/S0894-7317(96)90055-3
DO - 10.1016/S0894-7317(96)90055-3
M3 - Article
C2 - 8887862
AN - SCOPUS:0030225884
SN - 0894-7317
VL - 9
SP - 606
EP - 615
JO - Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography
JF - Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography
IS - 5
ER -