Direct Ca²⁺-dependent heterophilic interaction between desmosomal cadherins, desmoglein and desmocollin, contributes to cell-cell adhesion

Human fibrosarcoma cells, HT-1080, feature extensive adherens junctions, lack mature desmosomes, and express a single known desmosomal protein, Desmoglein 2 (Dsg2). Transfection of these cells with bovine Desmocollin la (Dscla) caused dramatic changes in the subcellular distribution of endogenous Dsg2. Both cadherins clustered in the areas of the adherens junctions, whereas only a minor portion of Dsg2 was seen in these areas in the parental cells. Deletion mapping showed that intact extracellular cadherin-like repeats of Dscla (Arg¹-Thr¹⁷⁰) are required for the translocation of Dsg2. Deletion of the intracellular C-domain that mediates the interaction of Dscla with plakoglobin, or the CSI region that is involved in the binding to desmoplakin, had no effect. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments of cell lysates stably expressing Dscla with anti-Dsc or -Dsg antibodies demonstrate that the desmosomal cadherins, Dsg2 and Dscla, are involved in a direct Ca²⁺- dependent interaction. This conclusion was further supported by the results of solid phase binding experiments. These showed that the Dscla fragment containing cadherin-like repeats 1 and 2 binds directly to the extracellular portion of Dsg in a Ca²⁺-dependent manner. The contribution of the Dsg/Dsc interaction to cell-cell adhesion was tested by coculturing HT- 1080 cells expressing Dscl a with HT- 1080 cells lacking Dsc but expressing myc-tagged plakoglobin (MPg). In the latter cells, MPg and the endogenous Dsg form stable complexes. The observed specific coimmunoprecipitation of MPg by anti- Dsc antibodies in coculture indicates that an intercellular interaction between Dscl and Dsg is involved in cell-cell adhesion.