Direct delivery and submicrometer patterning of DNA by a nanofountain probe

Patterning of DNA molecules on the submicrometer length scale using a volcano-like tip eliminates the need for tip-surface modification by implementing direct delivery of a solution containing DNA molecules to the tip. The nanofountain probe (NFP) was reported to allow high-resolution writing and have advantages for delivery of molecular inks in solution. The NEP chip was designed to fit commercially available atomic force microscopy (AFM) instruments and utilize the instrument scanner, optical detection, and feedback control to engage surfaces. Modifications for this NEP included the possibility of fabrication on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, improved channel sealing, deeper channels to allow the delivery of larger particles and more robust fabrication processes that led to enhanced yield and better control of the tip geometry.