Abstract
High-energy X-ray scattering offers a unique, non-destructive method for quantifying stress in the interior of bones during in-situ loading. The mineral phase and collagen phase of the composite material bone can be studied independently using wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS or diffraction) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), respectively. In this chapter, X-ray scattering procedures and stress determinations are briefly reviewed, after which the methods used for the studies are summarized and data from several loading experiments presented. Herein, two main results are featured: (i) an independent determination of Young's modulus in the mineral phase and in the collagen phase of bone via in-situ loading, and comparison with the composite modulus derived from an attached strain gage; and (ii) stress gradients studied in an inhomogeneously loaded rat tibia.
Original language | English (US) |
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Title of host publication | Handbook of Biomineralization |
Subtitle of host publication | Biological Aspects and Structure Formation |
Publisher | Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA |
Pages | 49-59 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Volume | 3 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783527316410 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Mar 20 2008 |
Keywords
- Bone
- Strain
- Stress
- Synchrotron radiation
- X-ray scattering
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology