@article{c0b8015db2b84a12a6a5a122e92d43ae,
title = "Disease associations of excessive daytime sleepiness in multiple sclerosis: A prospective study",
abstract = "Background: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in multiple sclerosis (MS) can be a significant source of disability. Despite this, its prevalence as a patient-reported outcome in this condition has not been well established, and its causes are not well understood. Methods: We prospectively assessed EDS as part of an observational study for patients referred for diagnostic neuro-ophthalmological testing. EDS was evaluated by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and visual data were also collected as part of a research protocol. Analysis with patient data was performed following the exclusion of patients with known primary sleep disorders. Results: A total of 69 patients with MS were included in the analysis. The mean ESS was 6.5 with a SD of 4.3. ESS ≥ 10 was present in 23% of the cohort even in the presence of minimal mean neurological disability (Patient Determined Disease Steps (PDDS) = 1.5). The ESS score was not associated with age, sex, disease-related disability, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), or optic neuritis (ON), but displayed an association with visual dysfunction. Conclusions: There is an increased prevalence of EDS in MS. The increased values of the ESS are not explained by other sleep disorders, suggesting separate mechanisms. Further study of the underlying mechanisms is warranted.",
keywords = "Multiple sclerosis, excessive daytime sleepiness, ipRGC, optic neuritis, outcome measurement, symptomatic treatment",
author = "Sguigna, {Peter V.} and Sabeen Toranian and Tardo, {Lauren M.} and Blackburn, {Kyle M.} and Horton, {Lindsay A.} and Darrel Conger and Ethan Meltzer and Hogan, {R. Nick} and McCreary, {Morgan C.} and Zee, {Phyllis C.} and Takahashi, {Joseph S.} and Greenberg, {Benjamin M.}",
note = "Funding Information: Peter V. Sguigna has no disclosures related to this publication. He has received grant support from the NMSS, CTM, PSTP, and the PRC. He has received consulting fees from Medical Logix LLC, Genentech, and Bristol Myers Squibb; Sabeen Toranian has nothing to declare; Lauren M. Tardo has nothing to declare; Kyle M. Blackburn has received consulting fees from Genentech; Lindsay A. Horton has nothing to declare; Darrel Conger has nothing to declare; Ethan Meltzer has received research support from Genentech through the University of Texas Dell Medical School. He has received consulting fees from 2nd.MD; R. Nick Hogan has nothing to declare; Morgan C. McCreary has nothing to declare; Phyllis C. Zee serves as a consultant and/or advisor for Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Harmony Biosciences, and Eisai Pharmaceuticals, and served as a consultant/advisor for CVS/Caremark in 2019 and 2020. She has equity ownership/stock options in Teva Pharmaceuticals and received lecture fees/honoraria from Eisai Pharmaceuticals in 2020; Joseph S. Takahashi is a co-founder and SAB member of Synchronicity Pharma and a co-founder and SAB member of Circadian Biotherapies. He receives research support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, NIH, A.L. Chilton Foundation, and Milky Way Research Foundation; Benjamin M. Greenberg has received consulting fees from Alexion, Novartis, EMD Serono, Horizon Therapeutics, Genentech/Roche, Signant, IQVIA, Sandoz, Genzyme, Immunovant, and PRIME Education. He has received grant funding from NIH, Anokion, Clene Nanomedicine, and Regeneron. He serves as an unpaid member of the board of the Siegel Rare Neuroimmune Association. He receives royalties from UpToDate. Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (grant number UL1TR001105). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), 2023.",
year = "2023",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1177/20552173231159560",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "9",
journal = "Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical",
issn = "2055-2173",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Inc.",
number = "1",
}