Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous disease in which efforts to define subtypes behaviorally have met with limited success. Hypothesizing that genetically based subtype identification may prove more productive, we resequenced the ASD-associated gene CHD8 in 3,730 children with developmental delay or ASD. We identified a total of 15 independent mutations; no truncating events were identified in 8,792 controls, including 2,289 unaffected siblings. In addition to a high likelihood of an ASD diagnosis among patients bearing CHD8 mutations, characteristics enriched in this group included macrocephaly, distinct faces, and gastrointestinal complaints. chd8 disruption in zebrafish recapitulates features of the human phenotype, including increased head size as a result of expansion of the forebrain/midbrain and impairment of gastrointestinal motility due to a reduction in postmitotic enteric neurons. Our findings indicate that CHD8 disruptions define a distinct ASD subtype and reveal unexpected comorbidities between brain development and enteric innervation.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 263-276 |
Number of pages | 14 |
Journal | Cell |
Volume | 158 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jul 17 2014 |
Funding
This work was supported by the Simons Foundation Autism Research Initiative (SFARI) 303241 and NIH/NIMH R01MH101221 to E.E.E.; by SFARI 239983 and NIH P50MH094268 to N.K.; by a NARSAD Young Investigator Grant from BBRF to C.G.; and by the European Commission: GENCODYS grant 241995 under FP7 and the Dutch Organisation for Health Research and Development (ZON-MW grants 917-86-319 and 912-12-109) to B.B.A.d.V. E.E.E. is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute and is on the scientific advisory board for DNAnexus, Inc. N.K. is a Distinguished Brumley Professor. We thank all of the families at the participating Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) sites, as well as the principal investigators (A. Beaudet, R. Bernier, J. Constantino, E. Cook, E. Fombonne, D. Geschwind, E. Hanson, D. Grice, A. Klin, R. Kochel, D. Ledbetter, C. Lord, C. Martin, D. Martin, R. Maxim, J. Miles, O. Ousley, K. Pelphrey, B. Peterson, J. Piggot, C. Saulnier, M. State, W. Stone, J. Sutcliffe, C. Walsh, Z. Warren, and E. Wijsman). We are grateful to D. Raible and H.S. Zimmermann for providing zebrafish resources and for helpful discussions, to T. Brown for help with manuscript preparation, and to J. Huddleston and M. Malig for sequencing support.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology