Disseminated herpes simplex virus infection presenting as fever in the newborn - A lethal outcome

The clinical course of a neonate who presented with fever and tachypnea on day 6 of life is described. He developed disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, hepatic failure, coma and expired at 14 days of age. The post mortem viral cultures from liver, adrenal and lungs were positive for HSV type 2. The fatal outcome of this case of fever, due to HSV infection, emphasizes the need for early treatment of suspicious cases of HSV infection. HSV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the newborn with persistent fever unresponsive to antibiotics.