Dissociation of Atrioventricular Conduction and Refractoriness Following Application of Radiofrequency Energy to the Canine Atrioventricular Node: Acute and Chronic Observations

The electrophysiology of AV nodal modification induced by radiofrequency energy (n = 5) or a sham procedure (n = 5) was studied in ten dogs. The five dogs that received radiofrequency energy had an AH prolongation > 100% from baseline values and this prolongation persisted throughout the 2‐month study. The AV nodal functional refractory period was prolonged only acutely. These data indicate a dissociation between the effects on AV nodal conduction and refractoriness that was induced by this procedure. The five sham treated controls showed no acute or chronic electrophysiological changes. In the dogs that received radiofrequency energy, there was fibrosis of the approaches to the AV node and the region of the A V node itself. It is concluded that chronic modification of AV nodal conduction without concomitant changes in refractoriness can be induced by radiofrequency energy delivered in the proximal portion of the AV node. It would be anticipated that this procedure would not decrease the ventricular response to atrial fibrillation or flutter, but may be effective in preventing AV nodal reentrant tachycardia by interfering with conduction either in the AV node or perinodal region. Since the AV node itself suffers at least moderate pathological damage, there may be an appreciable incidence of the late development of complete heart block after this procedure.