Doubling Down on Wireless Capacity: A Review of Integrated Circuits, Systems, and Networks for Full Duplex

Aravind Nagulu; Negar Reiskarimian; Tingjun Chen; Sasank Garikapati; Igor Kadota; Tolga Dinc; Sastry Lakshmi Garimella; Manav Kohli; Alon Simon Levin; Gil Zussman; Harish Krishnaswamy

doi:10.1109/JPROC.2024.3438755

Doubling Down on Wireless Capacity: A Review of Integrated Circuits, Systems, and Networks for Full Duplex

Aravind Nagulu, Negar Reiskarimian, Tingjun Chen, Sasank Garikapati, Igor Kadota, Tolga Dinc, Sastry Lakshmi Garimella, Manav Kohli, Alon Simon Levin, Gil Zussman, Harish Krishnaswamy^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Electrical and Computer Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

4 Scopus citations

Abstract

The relentless demand for data in our society has driven the continuous evolution of wireless technologies to enhance network capacity. While current deployments of 5G have made strides in this direction using massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands, all existing wireless systems operate in a half-duplex (HD) mode. Full-duplex (FD) wireless communication, on the other hand, enables simultaneous transmission and reception (STAR) of signals at the same frequency, offering advantages such as enhanced spectrum efficiency, improved data rates, and reduced latency. This article presents a comprehensive review of FD wireless systems, with a focus on hardware design, implementation, cross-layered considerations, and applications. The major bottleneck in achieving FD communication is the presence of self-interference (SI) signals from the transmitter (TX) to the receiver, and achieving SI cancellation (SIC) with real-time adaption is critical for FD deployment. The review starts by establishing a system-level understanding of FD wireless systems, followed by a review of the architectures of antenna interfaces and integrated RF and baseband (BB) SI cancellers, which show promise in enabling low-cost, small-form-factor, portable FD systems. We then discuss digital cancellation techniques, including digital signal processing (DSP)- and learning-based algorithms. The challenges presented by FD phased-array and MIMO systems are discussed, followed by system-level aspects, including optimization algorithms, opportunities in the higher layers of the networking protocol stack, and testbed integration. Finally, the relevance of FD systems in applications such as next-generation (xG) wireless, mmWave repeaters, radars, and noncommunication domains is highlighted. Overall, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the design, implementation, and applications of FD wireless systems while opening up new directions for future research.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	405-432
Number of pages	28
Journal	Proceedings of the IEEE
Volume	112
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2024.3438755
State	Published - 2024

Funding

This work was supported in part by NSF under Grant CNS-2148128, Grant EEC-2133516, Grant AST-2232455, Grant CNS-2128638, and Grant AST-2232458; in part by the Federal Agency and Industry Partners as Specified in the Resilient and Intelligent NextG Systems (RINGS) Program; in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Arrays at Commercial Timescales (ACT) Program; in part by the Signal Processing at RF (SPAR) Program; in part by the Wideband Adaptive RF Protection (WARP) Program; in part by the COmpact Front-end Filters at the ElEment-level (COFFEE) Program; and in part by the Massive Cross-Correlation (MAX) Program. Manuscript received 18 July 2023; revised 4 March 2024 and 16 July 2024; accepted 24 July 2024. Date of publication 14 August 2024; date of current version 20 August 2024. This work was supported in part by NSF under Grant CNS-2148128, Grant EEC-2133516, Grant AST-2232455, Grant CNS-2128638, and Grant AST-2232458; in part by the Federal Agency and Industry Partners as Specified in the Resilient and Intelligent NextG Systems (RINGS) Program; in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Arrays at Commercial Timescales (ACT) Program; in part by the Signal Processing at RF (SPAR) Program; in part by the Wideband Adaptive RF Protection (WARP) Program; in part by the COmpact Front-end Filters at the ElEment-level (COFFEE) Program; and in part by the Massive Cross-Correlation (MAX) Program. (Corresponding author: Harish Krishnaswamy.) Aravind Nagulu is with the Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA. Negar Reiskarimian is with the Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Tingjun Chen is with the Department of Electrical and Computing Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Sasank Garikapati, Sastry Lakshmi Garimella, Manav Kohli, Alon Simon Levin, Gil Zussman, and Harish Krishnaswamy are with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027 USA (e-mail: [email protected]). Igor Kadota is with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Tolga Dinc is with Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas, TX 75243 USA.

Keywords

Antenna interface
RF cancelers
baseband (BB) cancelers
digital cancellation
full-duplex (FD) wireless
integrated circuit (IC)
self-interference (SI) cancellation
testbeds

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Computer Science
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1109/JPROC.2024.3438755

Cite this

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title = "Doubling Down on Wireless Capacity: A Review of Integrated Circuits, Systems, and Networks for Full Duplex",

abstract = "The relentless demand for data in our society has driven the continuous evolution of wireless technologies to enhance network capacity. While current deployments of 5G have made strides in this direction using massive multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) and millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands, all existing wireless systems operate in a half-duplex (HD) mode. Full-duplex (FD) wireless communication, on the other hand, enables simultaneous transmission and reception (STAR) of signals at the same frequency, offering advantages such as enhanced spectrum efficiency, improved data rates, and reduced latency. This article presents a comprehensive review of FD wireless systems, with a focus on hardware design, implementation, cross-layered considerations, and applications. The major bottleneck in achieving FD communication is the presence of self-interference (SI) signals from the transmitter (TX) to the receiver, and achieving SI cancellation (SIC) with real-time adaption is critical for FD deployment. The review starts by establishing a system-level understanding of FD wireless systems, followed by a review of the architectures of antenna interfaces and integrated RF and baseband (BB) SI cancellers, which show promise in enabling low-cost, small-form-factor, portable FD systems. We then discuss digital cancellation techniques, including digital signal processing (DSP)- and learning-based algorithms. The challenges presented by FD phased-array and MIMO systems are discussed, followed by system-level aspects, including optimization algorithms, opportunities in the higher layers of the networking protocol stack, and testbed integration. Finally, the relevance of FD systems in applications such as next-generation (xG) wireless, mmWave repeaters, radars, and noncommunication domains is highlighted. Overall, this comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the design, implementation, and applications of FD wireless systems while opening up new directions for future research.",

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Doubling Down on Wireless Capacity: A Review of Integrated Circuits, Systems, and Networks for Full Duplex

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