@article{047a5f04a415443faef63174b24a0acf,
title = "Dynamic and Programmable Cellular-Scale Granules Enable Tissue-like Materials",
abstract = "Living tissues contain dense cellular ensembles and extracellular matrices (ECMs). Despite extensive efforts in the biomimetics field to develop ECM-like synthetic polymeric networks, a synthetic tissue-like material that can concurrently mimic the dynamic cellular- and ECM-level behaviors has yet to be achieved. Here, we demonstrate that cellular-scale hydrated starch granules, an underexplored component in materials science, can turn conventional hydrogels into tissue-like materials when composites are formed. The composites display programmability, anisotropy, strain-stiffening, mechanochemistry, and self-healability.",
keywords = "MAP4: Demonstrate, X-ray tomography, biomimetics, composites, granular materials, hydrogel, memory, tissue-like, ultrasound shear-wave elastography",
author = "Yin Fang and Endao Han and Zhang, {Xin Xing} and Yuanwen Jiang and Yiliang Lin and Jiuyun Shi and Jiangbo Wu and Lingyuan Meng and Xiang Gao and Griffin, {Philip J.} and Xianghui Xiao and Tsai, {Hsiu Ming} and Hua Zhou and Xiaobing Zuo and Qing Zhang and Miaoqi Chu and Qingteng Zhang and Ya Gao and Roth, {Leah K.} and Reiner Bleher and Zhiyuan Ma and Zhang Jiang and Jiping Yue and Kao, {Chien Min} and Chen, {Chin Tu} and Andrei Tokmakoff and Jin Wang and Jaeger, {Heinrich M.} and Bozhi Tian",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Karen Watters for scientific editing of the manuscript. This work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research (ONR YIP, N000141612530; PECASE, N000141612958) and the National Science Foundation (NSF MRSEC, DMR 1420709). The work made use of the BioCryo facility of Northwestern University's NUANCE Center, which received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205); the Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) program (NSF DMR-1720139) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. It also made use of the CryoCluster equipment, which received support from the Major Research Instrumentation program (NSF DMR-1229693). This research used resources at the Advanced Photon Source, a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This research also used resources at the Full-Field X-Ray Imaging Beamline at 18-ID of the National Synchrotron Light Source and a US DOE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886. We also thank Dr. Tao Sun for providing technical support. Conceptualization, Y.F. and B.T.; Methodology: Y.F. E.H. X.-X.Z. Y.J. H.M.J. and B.T.; Investigation ? Experiment: Y.F. E.H. X.-X.Z. Y.J. Y.L. J.S. J.W. L.M. X.G. P.J.G. X.X. H.-M.T. H.Z. X.Z. Qing Zhang, M.C. Qingten Zhang, Y.G. R.B. Z.M. Z.J. J.Y. C.-M.K. and C.-T.C.; Investigation ? Simulation: L.K.R.; Writing ? Original Draft: Y.F. E.H. X.-X.Z. Y.J. Y.L. and B.T.; Writing ? Review & Editing: all authors; Funding Acquisition: H.M.J. and B.T.; Supervision: A.T. J.W. H.M.J. and B.T. The authors declare no competing interests. Funding Information: We thank Karen Watters for scientific editing of the manuscript. This work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research (ONR YIP, N000141612530 ; PECASE, N000141612958 ) and the National Science Foundation (NSF MRSEC, DMR 1420709 ). The work made use of the BioCryo facility of Northwestern University{\textquoteright}s NUANCE Center, which received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental Resource (NSF ECCS- 1542205 ); the Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) program (NSF DMR- 1720139 ) at the Materials Research Center ; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); and the State of Illinois, through the IIN . It also made use of the CryoCluster equipment, which received support from the Major Research Instrumentation program (NSF DMR- 1229693 ). This research used resources at the Advanced Photon Source, a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 . This research also used resources at the Full-Field X-Ray Imaging Beamline at 18-ID of the National Synchrotron Light Source and a US DOE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886 . We also thank Dr. Tao Sun for providing technical support. ",
year = "2020",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.matt.2020.01.008",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "2",
pages = "948--964",
journal = "Matter",
issn = "2590-2393",
number = "4",
}