@article{047a5f04a415443faef63174b24a0acf,
title = "Dynamic and Programmable Cellular-Scale Granules Enable Tissue-like Materials",
abstract = "Living tissues contain dense cellular ensembles and extracellular matrices (ECMs). Despite extensive efforts in the biomimetics field to develop ECM-like synthetic polymeric networks, a synthetic tissue-like material that can concurrently mimic the dynamic cellular- and ECM-level behaviors has yet to be achieved. Here, we demonstrate that cellular-scale hydrated starch granules, an underexplored component in materials science, can turn conventional hydrogels into tissue-like materials when composites are formed. The composites display programmability, anisotropy, strain-stiffening, mechanochemistry, and self-healability.",
keywords = "MAP4: Demonstrate, X-ray tomography, biomimetics, composites, granular materials, hydrogel, memory, tissue-like, ultrasound shear-wave elastography",
author = "Yin Fang and Endao Han and Zhang, {Xin Xing} and Yuanwen Jiang and Yiliang Lin and Jiuyun Shi and Jiangbo Wu and Lingyuan Meng and Xiang Gao and Griffin, {Philip J.} and Xianghui Xiao and Tsai, {Hsiu Ming} and Hua Zhou and Xiaobing Zuo and Qing Zhang and Miaoqi Chu and Qingteng Zhang and Ya Gao and Roth, {Leah K.} and Reiner Bleher and Zhiyuan Ma and Zhang Jiang and Jiping Yue and Kao, {Chien Min} and Chen, {Chin Tu} and Andrei Tokmakoff and Jin Wang and Jaeger, {Heinrich M.} and Bozhi Tian",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Karen Watters for scientific editing of the manuscript. This work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research (ONR YIP, N000141612530 ; PECASE, N000141612958 ) and the National Science Foundation (NSF MRSEC, DMR 1420709 ). The work made use of the BioCryo facility of Northwestern University{\textquoteright}s NUANCE Center, which received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental Resource (NSF ECCS- 1542205 ); the Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSEC) program (NSF DMR- 1720139 ) at the Materials Research Center ; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); and the State of Illinois, through the IIN . It also made use of the CryoCluster equipment, which received support from the Major Research Instrumentation program (NSF DMR- 1229693 ). This research used resources at the Advanced Photon Source, a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-06CH11357 . This research also used resources at the Full-Field X-Ray Imaging Beamline at 18-ID of the National Synchrotron Light Source and a US DOE Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Brookhaven National Laboratory under contract no. DE-AC02-98CH10886 . We also thank Dr. Tao Sun for providing technical support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors",
year = "2020",
month = apr,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1016/j.matt.2020.01.008",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "2",
pages = "948--964",
journal = "Matter",
issn = "2590-2393",
number = "4",
}