Echo Particle Image Velocimetry for Estimation of Carotid Artery Wall Shear Stress: Repeatability, Reproducibility and Comparison with Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Arati Gurung; Phillip E. Gates; Luciano Mazzaro; Jonathan Fulford; Fuxing Zhang; Alex J. Barker; Jean Hertzberg; Kunihiko Aizawa; William D. Strain; Salim Elyas; Angela C. Shore; Robin Shandas

doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.03.020

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry for Estimation of Carotid Artery Wall Shear Stress: Repeatability, Reproducibility and Comparison with Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Arati Gurung, Phillip E. Gates, Luciano Mazzaro, Jonathan Fulford, Fuxing Zhang, Alex J. Barker, Jean Hertzberg, Kunihiko Aizawa, William D. Strain, Salim Elyas, Angela C. Shore, Robin Shandas^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Radiology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

Measurement of hemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS) is important in investigating the role of WSS in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Echo particle image velocimetry (echo PIV) is a novel ultrasound-based technique for measuring WSS in vivo that has previously been validated in vitro using the standard optical PIV technique. We evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility of echo PIV for measuring WSS in the human common carotid artery. We measured WSS in 28 healthy participants (18 males and 10 females, mean age: 56 ± 12 y). Echo PIV was highly repeatable, with an intra-observer variability of 1.0 ± 0.1 dyn/cm² for peak systolic (maximum), 0.9 dyn/cm² for mean and 0.5 dyn/cm² for end-diastolic (minimum) WSS measurements. Likewise, echo PIV was reproducible, with a low inter-observer variability (max: 2.0 ± 0.2 dyn/cm², mean: 1.3 ± 0.1 dyn/cm², end-diastolic: 0.7 dyn/cm²) and more variable inter-scan (test–retest) variability (max: 7.1 ± 2.3 dyn/cm², mean: 2.9 ± 0.4 dyn/cm², min: 1.5 ± 0.1 dyn/cm²). We compared echo PIV with the reference method, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI); echo PIV-based WSS measurements agreed qualitatively with PC-MRI measurements (r = 0.89, p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in some WSS measurements (echo PIV vs. PC-MRI): WSS at peak systole: 21 ± 7.0 dyn/cm² vs. 15 ± 5.0 dyn/cm²; time-averaged WSS: 8.9 ± 3.0 dyn/cm² vs. 7.1 ± 3.0 dyn/cm² (p < 0.05); WSS at end diastole: 3.8 ± 2.8 dyn/cm² vs. 3.9 ± 2 dyn/cm² (p > 0.05). For the first time, we report that echo PIV can measure WSS with good repeatability and reproducibility in adult humans with a broad age range. Echo PIV is feasible in humans and offers an easy-to-use, ultrasound-based, quantitative technique for measuring WSS in vivo in humans with good repeatability and reproducibility.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1618-1627
Number of pages	10
Journal	Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Volume	43
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.03.020
State	Published - Aug 2017

Funding

This work was made possible by grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH T32-HL072738, K24-081506, ROI-HL114753). This study was supported in part by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Exeter Clinical Research Facility. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIH, National Health Service, NIHR or Department of Health. We thank South West Stroke Research Network for their help in recruitment and the staff of the Diabetes and Vascular Medicine Research Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, for their valuable assistance in carrying out this study.

Keywords

Atherosclerosis
Echo pulse imaging velocimetry
Measurement uncertainty
Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging
Plaque rupture
Ultrasound imaging velocimetry

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Radiological and Ultrasound Technology
Biophysics
Acoustics and Ultrasonics

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10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.03.020

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Gurung, A., Gates, P. E., Mazzaro, L., Fulford, J., Zhang, F., Barker, A. J., Hertzberg, J., Aizawa, K., Strain, W. D., Elyas, S., Shore, A. C., & Shandas, R. (2017). Echo Particle Image Velocimetry for Estimation of Carotid Artery Wall Shear Stress: Repeatability, Reproducibility and Comparison with Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, 43(8), 1618-1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.03.020

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title = "Echo Particle Image Velocimetry for Estimation of Carotid Artery Wall Shear Stress: Repeatability, Reproducibility and Comparison with Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging",

abstract = "Measurement of hemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS) is important in investigating the role of WSS in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Echo particle image velocimetry (echo PIV) is a novel ultrasound-based technique for measuring WSS in vivo that has previously been validated in vitro using the standard optical PIV technique. We evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility of echo PIV for measuring WSS in the human common carotid artery. We measured WSS in 28 healthy participants (18 males and 10 females, mean age: 56 ± 12 y). Echo PIV was highly repeatable, with an intra-observer variability of 1.0 ± 0.1 dyn/cm2 for peak systolic (maximum), 0.9 dyn/cm2 for mean and 0.5 dyn/cm2 for end-diastolic (minimum) WSS measurements. Likewise, echo PIV was reproducible, with a low inter-observer variability (max: 2.0 ± 0.2 dyn/cm2, mean: 1.3 ± 0.1 dyn/cm2, end-diastolic: 0.7 dyn/cm2) and more variable inter-scan (test–retest) variability (max: 7.1 ± 2.3 dyn/cm2, mean: 2.9 ± 0.4 dyn/cm2, min: 1.5 ± 0.1 dyn/cm2). We compared echo PIV with the reference method, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI); echo PIV-based WSS measurements agreed qualitatively with PC-MRI measurements (r = 0.89, p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in some WSS measurements (echo PIV vs. PC-MRI): WSS at peak systole: 21 ± 7.0 dyn/cm2 vs. 15 ± 5.0 dyn/cm2; time-averaged WSS: 8.9 ± 3.0 dyn/cm2 vs. 7.1 ± 3.0 dyn/cm2 (p < 0.05); WSS at end diastole: 3.8 ± 2.8 dyn/cm2 vs. 3.9 ± 2 dyn/cm2 (p > 0.05). For the first time, we report that echo PIV can measure WSS with good repeatability and reproducibility in adult humans with a broad age range. Echo PIV is feasible in humans and offers an easy-to-use, ultrasound-based, quantitative technique for measuring WSS in vivo in humans with good repeatability and reproducibility.",

keywords = "Atherosclerosis, Echo pulse imaging velocimetry, Measurement uncertainty, Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging, Plaque rupture, Ultrasound imaging velocimetry",

author = "Arati Gurung and Gates, {Phillip E.} and Luciano Mazzaro and Jonathan Fulford and Fuxing Zhang and Barker, {Alex J.} and Jean Hertzberg and Kunihiko Aizawa and Strain, {William D.} and Salim Elyas and Shore, {Angela C.} and Robin Shandas",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017",

year = "2017",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.03.020",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "43",

pages = "1618--1627",

journal = "Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology",

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Gurung, A, Gates, PE, Mazzaro, L, Fulford, J, Zhang, F, Barker, AJ, Hertzberg, J, Aizawa, K, Strain, WD, Elyas, S, Shore, AC & Shandas, R 2017, 'Echo Particle Image Velocimetry for Estimation of Carotid Artery Wall Shear Stress: Repeatability, Reproducibility and Comparison with Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging', Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, vol. 43, no. 8, pp. 1618-1627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.03.020

Echo Particle Image Velocimetry for Estimation of Carotid Artery Wall Shear Stress: Repeatability, Reproducibility and Comparison with Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging. / Gurung, Arati; Gates, Phillip E.; Mazzaro, Luciano et al.
In: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology, Vol. 43, No. 8, 08.2017, p. 1618-1627.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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T1 - Echo Particle Image Velocimetry for Estimation of Carotid Artery Wall Shear Stress

T2 - Repeatability, Reproducibility and Comparison with Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

AU - Gurung, Arati

AU - Gates, Phillip E.

AU - Mazzaro, Luciano

AU - Fulford, Jonathan

AU - Zhang, Fuxing

AU - Barker, Alex J.

AU - Hertzberg, Jean

AU - Aizawa, Kunihiko

AU - Strain, William D.

AU - Elyas, Salim

AU - Shore, Angela C.

AU - Shandas, Robin

PY - 2017/8

Y1 - 2017/8

N2 - Measurement of hemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS) is important in investigating the role of WSS in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Echo particle image velocimetry (echo PIV) is a novel ultrasound-based technique for measuring WSS in vivo that has previously been validated in vitro using the standard optical PIV technique. We evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility of echo PIV for measuring WSS in the human common carotid artery. We measured WSS in 28 healthy participants (18 males and 10 females, mean age: 56 ± 12 y). Echo PIV was highly repeatable, with an intra-observer variability of 1.0 ± 0.1 dyn/cm2 for peak systolic (maximum), 0.9 dyn/cm2 for mean and 0.5 dyn/cm2 for end-diastolic (minimum) WSS measurements. Likewise, echo PIV was reproducible, with a low inter-observer variability (max: 2.0 ± 0.2 dyn/cm2, mean: 1.3 ± 0.1 dyn/cm2, end-diastolic: 0.7 dyn/cm2) and more variable inter-scan (test–retest) variability (max: 7.1 ± 2.3 dyn/cm2, mean: 2.9 ± 0.4 dyn/cm2, min: 1.5 ± 0.1 dyn/cm2). We compared echo PIV with the reference method, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI); echo PIV-based WSS measurements agreed qualitatively with PC-MRI measurements (r = 0.89, p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in some WSS measurements (echo PIV vs. PC-MRI): WSS at peak systole: 21 ± 7.0 dyn/cm2 vs. 15 ± 5.0 dyn/cm2; time-averaged WSS: 8.9 ± 3.0 dyn/cm2 vs. 7.1 ± 3.0 dyn/cm2 (p < 0.05); WSS at end diastole: 3.8 ± 2.8 dyn/cm2 vs. 3.9 ± 2 dyn/cm2 (p > 0.05). For the first time, we report that echo PIV can measure WSS with good repeatability and reproducibility in adult humans with a broad age range. Echo PIV is feasible in humans and offers an easy-to-use, ultrasound-based, quantitative technique for measuring WSS in vivo in humans with good repeatability and reproducibility.

AB - Measurement of hemodynamic wall shear stress (WSS) is important in investigating the role of WSS in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Echo particle image velocimetry (echo PIV) is a novel ultrasound-based technique for measuring WSS in vivo that has previously been validated in vitro using the standard optical PIV technique. We evaluated the repeatability and reproducibility of echo PIV for measuring WSS in the human common carotid artery. We measured WSS in 28 healthy participants (18 males and 10 females, mean age: 56 ± 12 y). Echo PIV was highly repeatable, with an intra-observer variability of 1.0 ± 0.1 dyn/cm2 for peak systolic (maximum), 0.9 dyn/cm2 for mean and 0.5 dyn/cm2 for end-diastolic (minimum) WSS measurements. Likewise, echo PIV was reproducible, with a low inter-observer variability (max: 2.0 ± 0.2 dyn/cm2, mean: 1.3 ± 0.1 dyn/cm2, end-diastolic: 0.7 dyn/cm2) and more variable inter-scan (test–retest) variability (max: 7.1 ± 2.3 dyn/cm2, mean: 2.9 ± 0.4 dyn/cm2, min: 1.5 ± 0.1 dyn/cm2). We compared echo PIV with the reference method, phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI); echo PIV-based WSS measurements agreed qualitatively with PC-MRI measurements (r = 0.89, p < 0.05). Significant differences were observed in some WSS measurements (echo PIV vs. PC-MRI): WSS at peak systole: 21 ± 7.0 dyn/cm2 vs. 15 ± 5.0 dyn/cm2; time-averaged WSS: 8.9 ± 3.0 dyn/cm2 vs. 7.1 ± 3.0 dyn/cm2 (p < 0.05); WSS at end diastole: 3.8 ± 2.8 dyn/cm2 vs. 3.9 ± 2 dyn/cm2 (p > 0.05). For the first time, we report that echo PIV can measure WSS with good repeatability and reproducibility in adult humans with a broad age range. Echo PIV is feasible in humans and offers an easy-to-use, ultrasound-based, quantitative technique for measuring WSS in vivo in humans with good repeatability and reproducibility.

KW - Atherosclerosis

KW - Echo pulse imaging velocimetry

KW - Measurement uncertainty

KW - Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging

KW - Plaque rupture

KW - Ultrasound imaging velocimetry

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Echo Particle Image Velocimetry for Estimation of Carotid Artery Wall Shear Stress: Repeatability, Reproducibility and Comparison with Phase-Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract

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ASJC Scopus subject areas

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