@article{a599a0b4bdd3491d8124a6eb0f1b99b2,
title = "Effects of aversive and rewarding electrical brain stimulation on auditory evoked responses in albino rat tectum",
abstract = "Auditory evoked responses in rat tectum yielded recovery functions to aversive electrical brain stimulation of either contralateral mesencephalic central gray or deep superior colliculus. Effects of stimulation on inferior colliculus auditory potentials are abolished by pentobartital and curare, implying tympanic muscle mediation due to reticular activation. Brain stimulation effects survive identical pharmacological manipulations when auditory responses are led from deep superior colliculus, showing independence from reticular processes or events occurring in inferior colliculus, one synapse previous. Rewarding brain stimulation also effects deep superior colliculus potentials, but interacts in an undetermined manner with nonspecific processes.",
keywords = "Aversive brain stimulation, Evoked potentials, Mesencephalic central gray, Recovery functions, Reticular activation, Rewarding brain stimulation, Tympanic muscles",
author = "Ruth, {Russell E.} and {Peter Rosenfeld}, J. and Harris, {David M.} and Paul Birkel",
note = "Funding Information: To this end we chose to record tone-evoked potentials from albino rat tactum. Such a site selection affords an opportunity to compare two structures at the same level of the neuraxis with radically different structure and function: inferior colliculus (IC), a classical auditory relay nucleus; and deep superior colliculus (dSC), a polysensory integrative area \[1 3\]. We report here that in freely moving rats, aversive mesencephalic ESB initially depresses auditory potentials in dSC, as it does to cortical responses \[37\], whereas in IC, potentials are increasingly facilitated as a function of time between ESB and evoking stimulus. Furthermore, from pharmacological data we find that in IC, evoked potential amplitude effects are attributable to tympanic muscle contraction and subsequent relaxation, whereas effects of aversive ESB on dSC potentials survive pharmacological states in which reticular and/or peripheral motor mechanisms are absent. The effects of rewarding ESB on dSC potentials, though not entirely independent of barbiturate-sensitive processes, also survive these pharmacological states and will be briefly reported. The classification of inferior colliculus as an auditory relay nucleus is well documented and needs no further elaboration. Although traditionally associated with visual function \[1, 4, 24, 28, 42, 43, 45\] and eye movement coordination \[36,39\], superior colliculus can be divided into a superficial and a deep region on hodological grounds \[15\].F urthermore cat dSC receives auditory afferents from auditory cortex \[32\] and from inferior colliculus \[29,34\]; in the rat there exists a direct projection from lateral lemniscus \[49\].T hese anatomical projections comprise the substrate for unit responses to acoustic stimuli \[1 3\] and to electrical stimulation of IC \[46\].T he polysensory nature of dSC is evidenced by extensive termination of paleospino-thalamic fibers in this region \[25, 26, 27\]. These latter projections probably form the basis for unit responses to somatic stimuli \[13\] and for eticitation of aversive reac- 1This work was supported in part by NIH Grants 5-50-5RR07028 and FR7028-05 to Northwestern University (J. P. R.). We thank Robert Owen for programming assistance.",
year = "1974",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1016/0031-9384(74)90254-6",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "13",
pages = "729--735",
journal = "Physiology and Behavior",
issn = "0031-9384",
publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",
number = "6",
}