TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Heating and Cooling Rates on Phase Transformations in 10 Wt Pct Ni Steel and Their Application to Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
AU - Barrick, Erin J.
AU - Jain, Divya
AU - DuPont, John N.
AU - Seidman, David N.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this Research by the Office of Naval Research through Grant Number N00014-12-1-0475 and useful discussions with the Program Manager, Dr. William Mullins as well as the financial support from the American Welding Society Glenn J. Gibson Graduate Research Fellowship. APT was performed at the Northwestern University Center for Atom Probe Tomography (NUCAPT). Financial support for APT was provided by the Office of Naval Research through Grant Number N00014-15-1-2443. The LEAP tomograph at NUCAPT was purchased and upgraded with funding from NSF-MRI (DMR-0420532) and ONR-DURIP (N00014-0400798, N00014-0610539, N00014-0910781) Grants. Instrumentation at NUCAPT was supported by the Initiative for Sustainability and Energy at Northwestern University (ISEN). This work made use of the MatCI Facility and the EPIC facility (NUANCE Center) at Northwestern University. NU-CAPT, MatCI, and NUANCE received support from the MRSEC Program (NSF DMR-1121262) through Northwestern’s Materials Research Center; NUCAPT and NUANCE also from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205). NUANCE received support from the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. The authors thank Dieter Isheim (Northwestern University) for carrying out the XRD experiments at the J.B. Cohen X-Ray Diffraction Facility supported by the MRSEC Program of the National Science Foundation (DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center of Northwestern University and the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International.
PY - 2017/12/1
Y1 - 2017/12/1
N2 - 10 wt pct Ni steel is a high-strength steel that possesses good ballistic resistance from the deformation induced transformation of austenite to martensite, known as the transformation-induced-plasticity effect. The effects of rapid heating and cooling rates associated with welding thermal cycles on the phase transformations and microstructures, specifically in the heat-affected zone, were determined using dilatometry, microhardness, and microstructural characterization. Heating rate experiments demonstrate that the Ac3 temperature is dependent on heating rate, varying from 1094 K (821 °C) at a heating rate of 1 °C/s to 1324 K (1051 °C) at a heating rate of 1830 °C/s. A continuous cooling transformation diagram produced for 10 wt pct Ni steel reveals that martensite will form over a wide range of cooling rates, which reflects a very high hardenability of this alloy. These results were applied to a single pass, autogenous, gas tungsten arc weld. The diffusion of nickel from regions of austenite to martensite during the welding thermal cycle manifests itself in a muddled, rod-like lath martensitic microstructure. The results of these studies show that the nickel enrichment of the austenite in 10 wt pct Ni steel plays a critical role in phase transformations during welding.
AB - 10 wt pct Ni steel is a high-strength steel that possesses good ballistic resistance from the deformation induced transformation of austenite to martensite, known as the transformation-induced-plasticity effect. The effects of rapid heating and cooling rates associated with welding thermal cycles on the phase transformations and microstructures, specifically in the heat-affected zone, were determined using dilatometry, microhardness, and microstructural characterization. Heating rate experiments demonstrate that the Ac3 temperature is dependent on heating rate, varying from 1094 K (821 °C) at a heating rate of 1 °C/s to 1324 K (1051 °C) at a heating rate of 1830 °C/s. A continuous cooling transformation diagram produced for 10 wt pct Ni steel reveals that martensite will form over a wide range of cooling rates, which reflects a very high hardenability of this alloy. These results were applied to a single pass, autogenous, gas tungsten arc weld. The diffusion of nickel from regions of austenite to martensite during the welding thermal cycle manifests itself in a muddled, rod-like lath martensitic microstructure. The results of these studies show that the nickel enrichment of the austenite in 10 wt pct Ni steel plays a critical role in phase transformations during welding.
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U2 - 10.1007/s11661-017-4379-0
DO - 10.1007/s11661-017-4379-0
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85031894488
VL - 48
SP - 5890
EP - 5910
JO - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science
JF - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A: Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science
SN - 1073-5623
IS - 12
ER -