TY - JOUR
T1 - Electrocardiograms in Healthy North American Children in the Digital Age
AU - Pediatric Heart Network Investigators
AU - Saarel, Elizabeth V.
AU - Granger, Suzanne
AU - Kaltman, Jonathan R.
AU - Minich, L. Lu Ann
AU - Tristani-Firouzi, Martin
AU - Kim, Jeffrey J.
AU - Ash, Kathleen
AU - Tsao, Sabrina S.
AU - Berul, Charles I.
AU - Stephenson, Elizabeth A.
AU - Gamboa, David G.
AU - Trachtenberg, Felicia
AU - Fischbach, Peter
AU - Vetter, Victoria L.
AU - Czosek, Richard J.
AU - Johnson, Tiffanie R.
AU - Salerno, Jack C.
AU - Cain, Nicole B.
AU - Pass, Robert H.
AU - Zeltser, Ilana
AU - Silver, Eric S.
AU - Kovach, Joshua R.
AU - Alexander, Mark E.
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was supported by grants (HL068270, HL068290, HL 109673, HL109737, HL109741, HL109741, HL109743, HL109777, HL109778, HL109781, HL109816, and HL109818) from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and National Institutes of Health. The contents of this work are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 American Heart Association, Inc.
PY - 2018/7/1
Y1 - 2018/7/1
N2 - BACKGROUND: Interpretation of pediatric ECGs is limited by lack of accurate sex- and race-specific normal reference values obtained with modern technology for all ages. We sought to obtain contemporary digital ECG measurements in healthy children from North America, to evaluate the effects of sex and race, and to compare our results to commonly used published datasets.METHODS: Digital ECGs (12-lead) were retrospectively collected for children ≤18 years old with normal echocardiograms at 19 centers in the Pediatric Heart Network. Patients were classified into 36 groups: 6 age, 2 sex, and 3 race (white, black, and other/mixed) categories. Standard intervals and amplitudes were measured; mean±SD and 2nd/98th percentiles were determined by age group, sex, and race. For each parameter, multivariable analysis, stratified by age, was conducted using sex and race as predictors. Parameters were compared with 2 large pediatric ECG data sets.RESULTS: Among ECGs from 2400 children, significant differences were found by sex and race categories. The corrected QT interval in lead II was greater for girls compared with boys for age groups ≥3 years (P≤0.03) and for whites compared with blacks for age groups ≥12 years (P<0.05). The R wave amplitude in V6 was greater for boys compared with girls for age groups ≥12 years (P<0.001), for blacks compared with white or other race categories for age groups ≥3 years (P≤0.006), and greater compared with a commonly used public data set for age groups ≥12 years (P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: In this large, diverse cohort of healthy children, most ECG intervals and amplitudes varied by sex and race. These differences have important implications for interpreting pediatric ECGs in the modern era when used for diagnosis or screening, including thresholds for left ventricular hypertrophy.
AB - BACKGROUND: Interpretation of pediatric ECGs is limited by lack of accurate sex- and race-specific normal reference values obtained with modern technology for all ages. We sought to obtain contemporary digital ECG measurements in healthy children from North America, to evaluate the effects of sex and race, and to compare our results to commonly used published datasets.METHODS: Digital ECGs (12-lead) were retrospectively collected for children ≤18 years old with normal echocardiograms at 19 centers in the Pediatric Heart Network. Patients were classified into 36 groups: 6 age, 2 sex, and 3 race (white, black, and other/mixed) categories. Standard intervals and amplitudes were measured; mean±SD and 2nd/98th percentiles were determined by age group, sex, and race. For each parameter, multivariable analysis, stratified by age, was conducted using sex and race as predictors. Parameters were compared with 2 large pediatric ECG data sets.RESULTS: Among ECGs from 2400 children, significant differences were found by sex and race categories. The corrected QT interval in lead II was greater for girls compared with boys for age groups ≥3 years (P≤0.03) and for whites compared with blacks for age groups ≥12 years (P<0.05). The R wave amplitude in V6 was greater for boys compared with girls for age groups ≥12 years (P<0.001), for blacks compared with white or other race categories for age groups ≥3 years (P≤0.006), and greater compared with a commonly used public data set for age groups ≥12 years (P<0.0001).CONCLUSIONS: In this large, diverse cohort of healthy children, most ECG intervals and amplitudes varied by sex and race. These differences have important implications for interpreting pediatric ECGs in the modern era when used for diagnosis or screening, including thresholds for left ventricular hypertrophy.
KW - electrocardiography
KW - hypertrophy, left ventricular
KW - pediatrics
KW - reference value
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U2 - 10.1161/CIRCEP.117.005808
DO - 10.1161/CIRCEP.117.005808
M3 - Article
C2 - 29930156
AN - SCOPUS:85055073305
SN - 1941-3149
VL - 11
SP - e005808
JO - Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology
JF - Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology
IS - 7
M1 - e005808
ER -