Electron holography of interfaces in electroceramics

The paper discusses the applications of electron holography in the electroceramics industry. The ability of electron holography to map electrical and magnetic fields makes it ideal for the materials science community. The use of off axis electron holography gives the authors a good picture of the grain boundaries in ionic materials. With charged grain boundaries and space charge directly modifying the potential of the region, electron holography can detect the presence of grain boundaries and space charges which translates into changes in the local mean inner potential which should impart phase shifts. Also discussed is a complete theoretical treatment including effects of thickness, perturbation of reference wave and crystallographic orientation effects.