Abstract
Filling the large voids in the crystal structure of the skutterudite CoSb3 with rattler atoms R provides an avenue for both increasing carrier concentration and disrupting lattice heat transport, leading to impressive thermoelectric performance. While the influence of R on the lattice dynamics of skutterudite materials has been well-studied, the phase stability of R-filled skutterudite materials and the influence of the presence and ordering of R on the electronic structure remain unclear. Here, focusing on the Yb-filled skutterudite YbxCo4Sb12, we employ first-principles methods to compute the phase stability and electronic structure. Yb-filled CoSb3 exhibits (1) a mild tendency for phase separation into Yb-rich and Yb-poor regions and (2) a strong tendency for chemical decomposition into Co-Sb and Yb-Sb binaries (i.e., CoSb3, CoSb2, and YbSb2). We find that, at reasonable synthesis temperatures, configurational entropy stabilizes single-phase solid solutions with limited Yb solubility, in agreement with experiments. Filling CoSb3 with Yb increases the band gap, enhances the carrier effective masses, and generates new low-energy "emergent" conduction band minima, which is distinct from the traditional band convergence picture of aligning the energies of existing band extrema. The explicit presence of R is necessary to achieve the emergent conduction band minima, though the rattler ordering does not strongly influence the electronic structure. The emergent conduction bands are spatially localized in the Yb-rich regions, unlike the delocalized electronic states at the Brillouin zone center that form the unfilled skutterudite band edges.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 6154-6162 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Chemistry of Materials |
Volume | 31 |
Issue number | 16 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Aug 27 2019 |
Funding
We thank Jeff Snyder (Northwestern) and Wenjie Li (Penn State) for useful discussions. We acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract DE-SC0014520. Computational resources were provided by the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (U.S. Department of Energy Contract DE-AC02-05CH11231), the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (National Science Foundation Contract ACI-1548562), and the Quest high performance computing facility at Northwestern University.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Chemistry
- General Chemical Engineering
- Materials Chemistry