Employment status, depressive symptoms, and waist circumference change in midlife women: The study of women's health across the nation (SWAN)

Bradley M. Appelhans; Eisuke Segawa; Imke Janssen; Rasa Kazlauskaite; Rebecca C. Thurston; Tené T. Lewis; Howard M. Kravitz

doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.12.005

Employment status, depressive symptoms, and waist circumference change in midlife women: The study of women's health across the nation (SWAN)

Bradley M. Appelhans^*, Eisuke Segawa, Imke Janssen, Rasa Kazlauskaite, Rebecca C. Thurston, Tené T. Lewis, Howard M. Kravitz

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

Purpose: Changes in employment status have shown inconsistent associations with adiposity. This study tested whether the presence of elevated depressive symptoms explains variability in the time-varying association between employment status and central adiposity. Method: Employment status, depressive symptoms, and waist circumference (WC) were assessed annually over 10years in a multiethnic sample of 3220 midlife women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Linear mixed-effects models tested time-varying associations of employment status, depressive symptoms, and their interaction with WC. Results: WC increases were greatest during the years of combined nonemployment and elevated depressive symptoms (1.00cm/y) and lowest in the years of full-time employment and elevated depressive symptoms (0.25cm/y), compared with the years of full-time employment and nonelevated depressive symptoms (0.51cm/y). Employment status was unrelated to WC in years without elevated depressive symptoms. The pattern of results was unchanged when analyses were restricted to preretirement observations and did not vary according to WC at baseline or ethnicity/race. Conclusions: Identifying and managing depressive symptoms in midlife women who are not working may help prevent increases in central adiposity.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	187-192
Number of pages	6
Journal	Annals of Epidemiology
Volume	24
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.12.005
State	Published - Mar 2014
Externally published	Yes

Funding

The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) has grant support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) , DHHS, through the National Institute on Aging (NIA) , the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) (Grants U01NR004061; U01AG012505, U01AG012535, U01AG012531, U01AG012539, U01AG012546, U01AG012553, U01AG012554, U01AG012495). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIA, NINR, ORWH or the NIH.

Keywords

Adiposity
Depression
Employment
Waist circumference
Women's Health

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Epidemiology

Access to Document

10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.12.005

Cite this

@article{5f470a79bcee41dda440685573fca0f1,

title = "Employment status, depressive symptoms, and waist circumference change in midlife women: The study of women's health across the nation (SWAN)",

abstract = "Purpose: Changes in employment status have shown inconsistent associations with adiposity. This study tested whether the presence of elevated depressive symptoms explains variability in the time-varying association between employment status and central adiposity. Method: Employment status, depressive symptoms, and waist circumference (WC) were assessed annually over 10years in a multiethnic sample of 3220 midlife women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Linear mixed-effects models tested time-varying associations of employment status, depressive symptoms, and their interaction with WC. Results: WC increases were greatest during the years of combined nonemployment and elevated depressive symptoms (1.00cm/y) and lowest in the years of full-time employment and elevated depressive symptoms (0.25cm/y), compared with the years of full-time employment and nonelevated depressive symptoms (0.51cm/y). Employment status was unrelated to WC in years without elevated depressive symptoms. The pattern of results was unchanged when analyses were restricted to preretirement observations and did not vary according to WC at baseline or ethnicity/race. Conclusions: Identifying and managing depressive symptoms in midlife women who are not working may help prevent increases in central adiposity.",

keywords = "Adiposity, Depression, Employment, Waist circumference, Women's Health",

author = "Appelhans, {Bradley M.} and Eisuke Segawa and Imke Janssen and Rasa Kazlauskaite and Thurston, {Rebecca C.} and Lewis, {Ten{\'e} T.} and Kravitz, {Howard M.}",

note = "Funding Information: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) has grant support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) , DHHS, through the National Institute on Aging (NIA) , the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) (Grants U01NR004061; U01AG012505, U01AG012535, U01AG012531, U01AG012539, U01AG012546, U01AG012553, U01AG012554, U01AG012495). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIA, NINR, ORWH or the NIH. ",

year = "2014",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.12.005",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "24",

pages = "187--192",

journal = "Annals of Epidemiology",

issn = "1047-2797",

publisher = "Elsevier Inc.",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Employment status, depressive symptoms, and waist circumference change in midlife women

T2 - The study of women's health across the nation (SWAN)

AU - Appelhans, Bradley M.

AU - Segawa, Eisuke

AU - Janssen, Imke

AU - Kazlauskaite, Rasa

AU - Thurston, Rebecca C.

AU - Lewis, Tené T.

AU - Kravitz, Howard M.

N1 - Funding Information: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) has grant support from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) , DHHS, through the National Institute on Aging (NIA) , the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) and the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) (Grants U01NR004061; U01AG012505, U01AG012535, U01AG012531, U01AG012539, U01AG012546, U01AG012553, U01AG012554, U01AG012495). The content of this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIA, NINR, ORWH or the NIH.

PY - 2014/3

Y1 - 2014/3

N2 - Purpose: Changes in employment status have shown inconsistent associations with adiposity. This study tested whether the presence of elevated depressive symptoms explains variability in the time-varying association between employment status and central adiposity. Method: Employment status, depressive symptoms, and waist circumference (WC) were assessed annually over 10years in a multiethnic sample of 3220 midlife women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Linear mixed-effects models tested time-varying associations of employment status, depressive symptoms, and their interaction with WC. Results: WC increases were greatest during the years of combined nonemployment and elevated depressive symptoms (1.00cm/y) and lowest in the years of full-time employment and elevated depressive symptoms (0.25cm/y), compared with the years of full-time employment and nonelevated depressive symptoms (0.51cm/y). Employment status was unrelated to WC in years without elevated depressive symptoms. The pattern of results was unchanged when analyses were restricted to preretirement observations and did not vary according to WC at baseline or ethnicity/race. Conclusions: Identifying and managing depressive symptoms in midlife women who are not working may help prevent increases in central adiposity.

AB - Purpose: Changes in employment status have shown inconsistent associations with adiposity. This study tested whether the presence of elevated depressive symptoms explains variability in the time-varying association between employment status and central adiposity. Method: Employment status, depressive symptoms, and waist circumference (WC) were assessed annually over 10years in a multiethnic sample of 3220 midlife women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. Linear mixed-effects models tested time-varying associations of employment status, depressive symptoms, and their interaction with WC. Results: WC increases were greatest during the years of combined nonemployment and elevated depressive symptoms (1.00cm/y) and lowest in the years of full-time employment and elevated depressive symptoms (0.25cm/y), compared with the years of full-time employment and nonelevated depressive symptoms (0.51cm/y). Employment status was unrelated to WC in years without elevated depressive symptoms. The pattern of results was unchanged when analyses were restricted to preretirement observations and did not vary according to WC at baseline or ethnicity/race. Conclusions: Identifying and managing depressive symptoms in midlife women who are not working may help prevent increases in central adiposity.

KW - Adiposity

KW - Depression

KW - Employment

KW - Waist circumference

KW - Women's Health

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84893907374&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84893907374&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.12.005

DO - 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.12.005

M3 - Article

C2 - 24462272

AN - SCOPUS:84893907374

SN - 1047-2797

VL - 24

SP - 187

EP - 192

JO - Annals of Epidemiology

JF - Annals of Epidemiology

IS - 3

ER -

Employment status, depressive symptoms, and waist circumference change in midlife women: The study of women's health across the nation (SWAN)

Abstract

Funding

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this