Endoscopic atlas of motility disorders

Upper endoscopy is generally indicated to evaluate for mechanical obstruction and eosinophilic esophagitis in patients with dysphagia. However, a good exam can be a valuable tool in stratifying patients with nonobstructive dysphagia by identifying those with findings suggestive of achalasia or other esophageal motility disorders. Assessing the esophageal body and the esophagogastric junction are the key facets of a diagnostic endoscopic evaluation of motility and can often yield a diagnosis in experienced hands. Recognizing anatomical variables such as hiatal hernia that can affect motor pattern and findings specific to disease states such as in treated achalasia can guide management.