Endothelin2 induces expression of genes associated with reactive gliosis in retinal müller cells

Purpose/Aim of the Study: Photoreceptor degeneration is normally accompanied by reactive gliosis and gene expression changes in Müller (glial) cells. The signaling pathway involved inducing these changes in Müller cells is not known. It has been proposed that endothelin2 (EDN2) released by degenerating photoreceptors might induce gliotic changes in Müller cells. In the present study, we directly tested the hypothesis by determining whether treatment of Müller cell cultures with EDN2 results in upregulation of genes known to be expressed in activated Müller cells in vivo.Materials and Methods: Experiments were carried using an established rat Müller cell line (rMC-1), and gene expression was assessed by qRT-PCR.Results: We observed that EDN2 treatment upregulated transcripts for glial fibrillary acidic protein (Gfap), Serpina3n and endothelin receptor B (EdnrB), three genes associated with reactive gliosis in Müller cells. Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) treatment similarly led to induction of Gfap, Serpina3n and EdnrB transcripts, whereas glutamate treatment had no significant effect.Conclusions: The finding supports a role for EDN2 as a signaling agent between photoreceptors and Müller cells.