Energy efficiency improvements in buildings: An environmentally friendly approach for managing electric demand

Demand-side management through the promotion of energy efficient technology can have a profound impact on the growth of the electric utility industry over the next 20 years. The greatest effects can be achieved in the residential and commercial buildings markets, which represent two-thirds of all electricity consumed in the U.S. In this article, the major end uses of electricity in buildings are quantified and energy efficient technologies for each are reviewed. The historical impact and cost-effectiveness of government and utility efficiency programs is discussed. The capability of continued energy efficiency gains to slow the growth of demand for and consumption of electricity is projected.