Engineered Theranostic Magnetic Nanostructures: Role of Composition and Surface Coating on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast and Thermal Activation

Vikas Nandwana; Soo Ryoon Ryoo; Shanthi Kanthala; Mrinmoy De; Stanley S. Chou; Pottumarthi V. Prasad; Vinayak P. Dravid

doi:10.1021/acsami.6b01377

Engineered Theranostic Magnetic Nanostructures: Role of Composition and Surface Coating on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast and Thermal Activation

Vikas Nandwana, Soo Ryoon Ryoo, Shanthi Kanthala, Mrinmoy De, Stanley S. Chou, Pottumarthi V. Prasad, Vinayak P. Dravid^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Materials Science and Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

35 Scopus citations

Abstract

Magnetic nanostructures (MNS) have emerged as promising functional probes for simultaneous diagnostics and therapeutics (theranostic) applications due to their ability to enhance localized contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and heat under external radio frequency (RF) field, respectively. We show that the "theranostic" potential of the MNS can be significantly enhanced by tuning their core composition and architecture of surface coating. Metal ferrite (e.g., MFe₂O₄) nanoparticles of ∼8 nm size and nitrodopamine conjugated polyethylene glycol (NDOPA-PEG) were used as the core and surface coating of the MNS, respectively. The composition was controlled by tuning the stoichiometry of MFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (M = Fe, Mn, Zn, Zn_xMn_1-x) while the architecture of surface coating was tuned by changing the molecular weight of PEG, such that larger weight is expected to result in longer length extended away from the MNS surface. Our results suggest that both core as well as surface coating are important factors to take into consideration during the design of MNS as theranostic agents which is illustrated by relaxivity and thermal activation plots of MNS with different core composition and surface coating thickness. After optimization of these parameters, the r₂ relaxivity and specific absorption rate (SAR) up to 552 mM^-1 s^-1 and 385 W/g were obtained, respectively, which are among the highest values reported for MNS with core magnetic nanoparticles of size below 10 nm. In addition, NDOPA-PEG coated MFe₂O₄ nanostructures showed enhanced biocompatibility (up to [Fe] = 200 μg/mL) and reduced nonspecific uptake in macrophage cells in comparison to other well established FDA approved Fe based MR contrast agents.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	6953-6961
Number of pages	9
Journal	ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces
Volume	8
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b01377
State	Published - Mar 30 2016

Funding

This research was supported by the Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence (CCNE) initiative of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award number U54 CA151880. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the NIH. V.N., S.K., S.R., and V.P.D. gratefully acknowledges support from the NTU-NU Institute for NanoMedicine located at the International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, USA and the Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. This work made use of the (EPIC, Keck-II, and/or SPID) facility(ies) of the NUANCE Center at Northwestern University, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN.

Keywords

biomedical applications
hyperthermia
magnetic nanoparticles
magnetic nanostructures
magnetic resonance imaging contrast
nanomedicine
theranostics
thermal activation

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Materials Science

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title = "Engineered Theranostic Magnetic Nanostructures: Role of Composition and Surface Coating on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast and Thermal Activation",

abstract = "Magnetic nanostructures (MNS) have emerged as promising functional probes for simultaneous diagnostics and therapeutics (theranostic) applications due to their ability to enhance localized contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and heat under external radio frequency (RF) field, respectively. We show that the {"}theranostic{"} potential of the MNS can be significantly enhanced by tuning their core composition and architecture of surface coating. Metal ferrite (e.g., MFe2O4) nanoparticles of ∼8 nm size and nitrodopamine conjugated polyethylene glycol (NDOPA-PEG) were used as the core and surface coating of the MNS, respectively. The composition was controlled by tuning the stoichiometry of MFe2O4 nanoparticles (M = Fe, Mn, Zn, ZnxMn1-x) while the architecture of surface coating was tuned by changing the molecular weight of PEG, such that larger weight is expected to result in longer length extended away from the MNS surface. Our results suggest that both core as well as surface coating are important factors to take into consideration during the design of MNS as theranostic agents which is illustrated by relaxivity and thermal activation plots of MNS with different core composition and surface coating thickness. After optimization of these parameters, the r2 relaxivity and specific absorption rate (SAR) up to 552 mM-1 s-1 and 385 W/g were obtained, respectively, which are among the highest values reported for MNS with core magnetic nanoparticles of size below 10 nm. In addition, NDOPA-PEG coated MFe2O4 nanostructures showed enhanced biocompatibility (up to [Fe] = 200 μg/mL) and reduced nonspecific uptake in macrophage cells in comparison to other well established FDA approved Fe based MR contrast agents.",

keywords = "biomedical applications, hyperthermia, magnetic nanoparticles, magnetic nanostructures, magnetic resonance imaging contrast, nanomedicine, theranostics, thermal activation",

author = "Vikas Nandwana and Ryoo, {Soo Ryoon} and Shanthi Kanthala and Mrinmoy De and Chou, {Stanley S.} and Prasad, {Pottumarthi V.} and Dravid, {Vinayak P.}",

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T1 - Engineered Theranostic Magnetic Nanostructures

T2 - Role of Composition and Surface Coating on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast and Thermal Activation

AU - Nandwana, Vikas

AU - Ryoo, Soo Ryoon

AU - Kanthala, Shanthi

AU - De, Mrinmoy

AU - Chou, Stanley S.

AU - Prasad, Pottumarthi V.

AU - Dravid, Vinayak P.

PY - 2016/3/30

Y1 - 2016/3/30

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AB - Magnetic nanostructures (MNS) have emerged as promising functional probes for simultaneous diagnostics and therapeutics (theranostic) applications due to their ability to enhance localized contrast in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and heat under external radio frequency (RF) field, respectively. We show that the "theranostic" potential of the MNS can be significantly enhanced by tuning their core composition and architecture of surface coating. Metal ferrite (e.g., MFe2O4) nanoparticles of ∼8 nm size and nitrodopamine conjugated polyethylene glycol (NDOPA-PEG) were used as the core and surface coating of the MNS, respectively. The composition was controlled by tuning the stoichiometry of MFe2O4 nanoparticles (M = Fe, Mn, Zn, ZnxMn1-x) while the architecture of surface coating was tuned by changing the molecular weight of PEG, such that larger weight is expected to result in longer length extended away from the MNS surface. Our results suggest that both core as well as surface coating are important factors to take into consideration during the design of MNS as theranostic agents which is illustrated by relaxivity and thermal activation plots of MNS with different core composition and surface coating thickness. After optimization of these parameters, the r2 relaxivity and specific absorption rate (SAR) up to 552 mM-1 s-1 and 385 W/g were obtained, respectively, which are among the highest values reported for MNS with core magnetic nanoparticles of size below 10 nm. In addition, NDOPA-PEG coated MFe2O4 nanostructures showed enhanced biocompatibility (up to [Fe] = 200 μg/mL) and reduced nonspecific uptake in macrophage cells in comparison to other well established FDA approved Fe based MR contrast agents.

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KW - hyperthermia

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KW - magnetic nanostructures

KW - magnetic resonance imaging contrast

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KW - theranostics

KW - thermal activation

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Engineered Theranostic Magnetic Nanostructures: Role of Composition and Surface Coating on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast and Thermal Activation

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