@article{226c790ef77d444cb41d9791708327d2,
title = "Enhanced Fill Factor through Chalcogen Side-Chain Manipulation in Small-Molecule Photovoltaics",
abstract = "The fill factor (FF) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices has proven difficult to optimize by synthetic modification of the active layer materials. In this contribution, a series of small-molecule donors (SMDs) incorporating chalcogen atoms of increasing atomic number (Z), namely oxygen, sulfur, and selenium, into the side chains are synthesized and the relationship between the chalcogen Z and the FF of OPV devices is characterized. Larger Z chalcogen atoms are found to consistently enhance FF in bulk-heterojunction OPVs containing PC61BM as the acceptor material. A significant ∼8% FF increase is obtained on moving from O to S to Se across three series of SMDs. The FF enhancement is found to result from the combination of more ordered morphology and decreased charge recombination in blend films for the high-Z-chalcogen SMDs. Because this FF enhancement is found within three series of SMDs, the overall strategy is promising for new SMD materials design.",
author = "Aldrich, {Thomas J.} and Leonardi, {Matthew J.} and Dudnik, {Alexander S.} and Eastham, {Nicholas D.} and Boris Harutyunyan and Fauvell, {Thomas J.} and Manley, {Eric F.} and Nanjia Zhou and Butler, {Melanie R.} and Tobias Harschneck and Ratner, {Mark A.} and Chen, {Lin X.} and Bedzyk, {Michael J.} and Chang, {Robert P.H.} and Ferdinand Melkonyan and Antonio Facchetti and Marks, {Tobin J.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported in part by the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DE-SC0001059 (N.Z., T.J.F., B.H.) and by AFOSR Grant FA9550-15-1-0044 (A.F. materials design). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. This work made use of the EPIC, Keck-II, and/or SPID facilities of Northwestern University{\textquoteright}s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. A.S.D. thanks the Camille and Henry Dreyfus Postdoctoral Program in Environmental chemistry for a fellowship; T.J.A. and M.R.B. thank the NSF for predoctoral fellowships; M.J.L. thanks the ASEE for an NDSEG fellowship; and T.H. thanks the DAAD for a postdoctoral fellowship. F.S.M. was supported by Award 70NANB14H012 from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD), and E.F.M. was supported by Qatar NPRP Grant 7-286-1-049. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 American Chemical Society.",
year = "2017",
month = oct,
day = "13",
doi = "10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00743",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "2",
pages = "2415--2421",
journal = "ACS Energy Letters",
issn = "2380-8195",
publisher = "American Chemical Society",
number = "10",
}
