Abstract
Mammalian development requires cytosine methylation, a heritable epigenetic mark of cellular memory believed to maintain a cell's unique gene expression pattern. However, it remains unclear how dynamic DNA methylation relates to cell type-specific gene expression and animal development. Here, by mapping base-resolution methylomes in 17 adult mouse tissues at shallow coverage, we identify 302,864 tissue-specific differentially methylated regions (tsDMRs) and estimate that >6.7% of the mouse genome is variably methylated. Supporting a prominent role for DNA methylation in gene regulation, most tsDMRs occur at distal cis-regulatory elements. Unexpectedly, some tsDMRs mark enhancers that are dormant in adult tissues but active in embryonic development. These 'vestigial' enhancers are hypomethylated and lack active histone modifications in adult tissues but nevertheless exhibit activity during embryonic development. Our results provide new insights into the role of DNA methylation at tissue-specific enhancers and suggest that epigenetic memory of embryonic development may be retained in adult tissues.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1198-1206 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Nature Genetics |
Volume | 45 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 2013 |
Externally published | Yes |
Funding
We thank S. Kuan, Z. Ye and L. Edsall for their assistance in sequencing and the initial processing of sequencing reads. This work is funded by the Ludwig Institute
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Genetics