Abstract
Importance: First-line systemic therapy for morphea includes methotrexate with or without systemic corticosteroids. When this regimen is ineffective, not tolerated, or contraindicated, a trial of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) or mycophenolic acid (MPA) - referred to herein as mycophenolate - is recommended; however, evidence to support this recommendation remains weak. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of mycophenolate for the treatment of morphea. Design, Setting, and Participants: A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2018, among 77 patients with morphea from 8 institutions who were treated with mycophenolate. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was morphea disease activity, severity, and response at 0, 3 to 6, and 9 to 12 months of mycophenolate treatment. A secondary outcome was whether mycophenolate was a well-tolerated treatment of morphea. Results: There were 61 female patients (79%) and 16 male patients (21%) in the study, with a median age at disease onset of 36 years (interquartile range, 16-53 years) and median diagnostic delay of 8 months (interquartile range, 4-14 months). Generalized morphea (37 [48%]), pansclerotic morphea (12 [16%]), and linear morphea of the trunk and/or extremities (9 [12%]) were the most common subtypes of morphea identified. Forty-one patients (53%) had an associated functional impairment, and 49 patients (64%) had severe disease. Twelve patients received initial treatment with mycophenolate as monotherapy or combination therapy and 65 patients received mycophenolate after prior treatment was ineffective (50 of 65 [77%]) or poorly tolerated (21 of 65 [32%]). Treatments prior to mycophenolate included methotrexate (48 of 65 [74%]), systemic corticosteroids (42 of 65 [65%]), hydroxychloroquine (20 of 65 [31%]), and/or phototherapy (14 of 65 [22%]). After 3 to 6 months of mycophenolate treatment, 66 of 73 patients had stable (n = 22) or improved (n = 44) disease. After 9 to 12 months of treatment, 47 of 54 patients had stable (n = 14) or improved (n = 33) disease. Twenty-seven patients (35%) achieved disease remission at completion of the study. Treatments received in conjunction with mycophenolate were frequent. Mycophenolate was well tolerated. Gastrointestinal adverse effects were the most common (24 [31%]); cytopenia (3 [4%]) and infection (2 [3%]) occurred less frequently. Conclusions and Relevance: This study suggests that mycophenolate is a well-tolerated and beneficial treatment of recalcitrant, severe morphea.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 521-528 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | JAMA dermatology |
Volume | 156 |
Issue number | 5 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - May 2020 |
Funding
being a co–principal investigator on a dermatomyositis trial with Pfizer and a co–principal investigator on a pemphigus vulgaris trial with F. Hoffman-La Roche outside the submitted work. Dr Fernandez reported personal fees from AbbVie, grants and personal fees from Novartis, grants, personal fees, and testing a drug for a clinical trial with Mallinckrodt, personal fees from UCB, nonfinancial support and being a principal investigator for a clinical trial with Pfizer, and nonfinancial support and being a principal investigator for a clinical trial with Corbus outside the submitted work. Dr Cardones reported grants from Pfizer and being part owner of a non-publicly traded company with Rave Therapeutics outside the submitted work. Dr Vleugels reported grants from Pfizer outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Dermatology