Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus

Juan Pu; Shuoguo Wang; Yanbo Yin; Guozhong Zhang; Robert A. Carter; Jinliang Wang; Guanlong Xu; Honglei Sun; Min Wang; Chu Wen; Yandi Wei; Dongdong Wang; Baoli Zhu; Gordon Lemmon; Yuannian Jiao; Susu Duan; Qian Wang; Qian Du; Meng Sun; Jinnan Bao; Yipeng Sun; Jixun Zhao; Hui Zhang; Gang Wu; Jinhua Liu; Robert G. Webster

doi:10.1073/pnas.1422456112

Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus

Juan Pu, Shuoguo Wang, Yanbo Yin, Guozhong Zhang, Robert A. Carter, Jinliang Wang, Guanlong Xu, Honglei Sun, Min Wang, Chu Wen, Yandi Wei, Dongdong Wang, Baoli Zhu, Gordon Lemmon, Yuannian Jiao, Susu Duan, Qian Wang, Qian Du, Meng Sun, Jinnan BaoYipeng Sun, Jixun Zhao, Hui Zhang, Gang Wu, Jinhua Liu^*, Robert G. Webster

^*Corresponding author for this work

Preventive Medicine

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

172 Scopus citations

Abstract

The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant's internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010-2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	548-553
Number of pages	6
Journal	Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume	112
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422456112
State	Published - Jan 13 2015

Keywords

Chicken influenza virus
Genotype
H7N9
H9N2
Infectivity

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General

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Pu, J., Wang, S., Yin, Y., Zhang, G., Carter, R. A., Wang, J., Xu, G., Sun, H., Wang, M., Wen, C., Wei, Y., Wang, D., Zhu, B., Lemmon, G., Jiao, Y., Duan, S., Wang, Q., Du, Q., Sun, M., ... Webster, R. G. (2015). Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 112(2), 548-553. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422456112

Pu, Juan ; Wang, Shuoguo ; Yin, Yanbo ; Zhang, Guozhong ; Carter, Robert A. ; Wang, Jinliang ; Xu, Guanlong ; Sun, Honglei ; Wang, Min ; Wen, Chu ; Wei, Yandi ; Wang, Dongdong ; Zhu, Baoli ; Lemmon, Gordon ; Jiao, Yuannian ; Duan, Susu ; Wang, Qian ; Du, Qian ; Sun, Meng ; Bao, Jinnan ; Sun, Yipeng ; Zhao, Jixun ; Zhang, Hui ; Wu, Gang ; Liu, Jinhua ; Webster, Robert G. / Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2015 ; Vol. 112, No. 2. pp. 548-553.

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title = "Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus",

abstract = "The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant's internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010-2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential.",

keywords = "Chicken influenza virus, Genotype, H7N9, H9N2, Infectivity",

author = "Juan Pu and Shuoguo Wang and Yanbo Yin and Guozhong Zhang and Carter, {Robert A.} and Jinliang Wang and Guanlong Xu and Honglei Sun and Min Wang and Chu Wen and Yandi Wei and Dongdong Wang and Baoli Zhu and Gordon Lemmon and Yuannian Jiao and Susu Duan and Qian Wang and Qian Du and Meng Sun and Jinnan Bao and Yipeng Sun and Jixun Zhao and Hui Zhang and Gang Wu and Jinhua Liu and Webster, {Robert G.}",

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doi = "10.1073/pnas.1422456112",

language = "English (US)",

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Pu, J, Wang, S, Yin, Y, Zhang, G, Carter, RA, Wang, J, Xu, G, Sun, H, Wang, M, Wen, C, Wei, Y, Wang, D, Zhu, B, Lemmon, G, Jiao, Y, Duan, S, Wang, Q, Du, Q, Sun, M, Bao, J, Sun, Y, Zhao, J, Zhang, H, Wu, G, Liu, J & Webster, RG 2015, 'Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus', Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol. 112, no. 2, pp. 548-553. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1422456112

Evolution of the H9N2 influenza genotype that facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 virus. / Pu, Juan; Wang, Shuoguo; Yin, Yanbo; Zhang, Guozhong; Carter, Robert A.; Wang, Jinliang; Xu, Guanlong; Sun, Honglei; Wang, Min; Wen, Chu; Wei, Yandi; Wang, Dongdong; Zhu, Baoli; Lemmon, Gordon; Jiao, Yuannian; Duan, Susu; Wang, Qian; Du, Qian; Sun, Meng; Bao, Jinnan; Sun, Yipeng; Zhao, Jixun; Zhang, Hui; Wu, Gang; Liu, Jinhua; Webster, Robert G.

In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 112, No. 2, 13.01.2015, p. 548-553.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

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AU - Pu, Juan

AU - Wang, Shuoguo

AU - Yin, Yanbo

AU - Zhang, Guozhong

AU - Carter, Robert A.

AU - Wang, Jinliang

AU - Xu, Guanlong

AU - Sun, Honglei

AU - Wang, Min

AU - Wen, Chu

AU - Wei, Yandi

AU - Wang, Dongdong

AU - Zhu, Baoli

AU - Lemmon, Gordon

AU - Jiao, Yuannian

AU - Duan, Susu

AU - Wang, Qian

AU - Du, Qian

AU - Sun, Meng

AU - Bao, Jinnan

AU - Sun, Yipeng

AU - Zhao, Jixun

AU - Zhang, Hui

AU - Wu, Gang

AU - Liu, Jinhua

AU - Webster, Robert G.

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Y1 - 2015/1/13

N2 - The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant's internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010-2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential.

AB - The emergence of human infection with a novel H7N9 influenza virus in China raises a pandemic concern. Chicken H9N2 viruses provided all six of the novel reassortant's internal genes. However, it is not fully understood how the prevalence and evolution of these H9N2 chicken viruses facilitated the genesis of the novel H7N9 viruses. Here we show that over more than 10 y of cocirculation of multiple H9N2 genotypes, a genotype (G57) emerged that had changed antigenicity and improved adaptability in chickens. It became predominant in vaccinated farm chickens in China, caused widespread outbreaks in 2010-2013 before the H7N9 viruses emerged in humans, and finally provided all of their internal genes to the novel H7N9 viruses. The prevalence and variation of H9N2 influenza virus in farmed poultry could provide an important early warning of the emergence of novel reassortants with pandemic potential.

KW - Chicken influenza virus

KW - Genotype

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KW - H9N2

KW - Infectivity

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