Expanded graphite as superior anode for sodium-ion batteries

Yang Wen; Kai He; Yujie Zhu; Fudong Han; Yunhua Xu; Isamu Matsuda; Yoshitaka Ishii; John Cumings; Chunsheng Wang

doi:10.1038/ncomms5033

Expanded graphite as superior anode for sodium-ion batteries

Yang Wen, Kai He, Yujie Zhu, Fudong Han, Yunhua Xu, Isamu Matsuda, Yoshitaka Ishii, John Cumings, Chunsheng Wang^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

NUANCE - Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

1441 Scopus citations

Abstract

Graphite, as the most common anode for commercial Li-ion batteries, has been reported to have a very low capacity when used as a Na-ion battery anode. It is well known that electrochemical insertion of Na⁺ into graphite is significantly hindered by the insufficient interlayer spacing. Here we report expanded graphite as a Na-ion battery anode. Prepared through a process of oxidation and partial reduction on graphite, expanded graphite has an enlarged interlayer lattice distance of 4.3A yet retains an analogous long-range-ordered layered structure to graphite. In situ transmission electron microscopy has demonstrated that the Na-ion can be reversibly inserted into and extracted from expanded graphite. Galvanostatic studies show that expanded graphite can deliver a high reversible capacity of 284mAhg^-1 at a current density of 20mAg^-1, maintain a capacity of 184mAhg^-1 at 100mAg ^-1, and retain 73.92% of its capacity after 2,000 cycles.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	4033
Journal	Nature communications
Volume	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5033
State	Published - Jun 4 2014

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry(all)
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Physics and Astronomy(all)

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title = "Expanded graphite as superior anode for sodium-ion batteries",

abstract = "Graphite, as the most common anode for commercial Li-ion batteries, has been reported to have a very low capacity when used as a Na-ion battery anode. It is well known that electrochemical insertion of Na+ into graphite is significantly hindered by the insufficient interlayer spacing. Here we report expanded graphite as a Na-ion battery anode. Prepared through a process of oxidation and partial reduction on graphite, expanded graphite has an enlarged interlayer lattice distance of 4.3A yet retains an analogous long-range-ordered layered structure to graphite. In situ transmission electron microscopy has demonstrated that the Na-ion can be reversibly inserted into and extracted from expanded graphite. Galvanostatic studies show that expanded graphite can deliver a high reversible capacity of 284mAhg-1 at a current density of 20mAg-1, maintain a capacity of 184mAhg-1 at 100mAg -1, and retain 73.92% of its capacity after 2,000 cycles.",

author = "Yang Wen and Kai He and Yujie Zhu and Fudong Han and Yunhua Xu and Isamu Matsuda and Yoshitaka Ishii and John Cumings and Chunsheng Wang",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported as part of the Science of Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DESC0001160. We also acknowledge funding for the NMR studies by Y.I. (NSF CHE-1310363) and the use of facilities in Maryland NanoCenter and its NISP Lab supported in part by the NSF MRSEC under grant DMR 05-20471. We thank Dr Karen Gaskell at the Surface Analysis Center of University of Maryland for the help on the XPS data analysis.",

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AU - Wen, Yang

AU - He, Kai

AU - Zhu, Yujie

AU - Han, Fudong

AU - Xu, Yunhua

AU - Matsuda, Isamu

AU - Ishii, Yoshitaka

AU - Cumings, John

AU - Wang, Chunsheng

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported as part of the Science of Nanostructures for Electrical Energy Storage, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Award Number DESC0001160. We also acknowledge funding for the NMR studies by Y.I. (NSF CHE-1310363) and the use of facilities in Maryland NanoCenter and its NISP Lab supported in part by the NSF MRSEC under grant DMR 05-20471. We thank Dr Karen Gaskell at the Surface Analysis Center of University of Maryland for the help on the XPS data analysis.

PY - 2014/6/4

Y1 - 2014/6/4

N2 - Graphite, as the most common anode for commercial Li-ion batteries, has been reported to have a very low capacity when used as a Na-ion battery anode. It is well known that electrochemical insertion of Na+ into graphite is significantly hindered by the insufficient interlayer spacing. Here we report expanded graphite as a Na-ion battery anode. Prepared through a process of oxidation and partial reduction on graphite, expanded graphite has an enlarged interlayer lattice distance of 4.3A yet retains an analogous long-range-ordered layered structure to graphite. In situ transmission electron microscopy has demonstrated that the Na-ion can be reversibly inserted into and extracted from expanded graphite. Galvanostatic studies show that expanded graphite can deliver a high reversible capacity of 284mAhg-1 at a current density of 20mAg-1, maintain a capacity of 184mAhg-1 at 100mAg -1, and retain 73.92% of its capacity after 2,000 cycles.

AB - Graphite, as the most common anode for commercial Li-ion batteries, has been reported to have a very low capacity when used as a Na-ion battery anode. It is well known that electrochemical insertion of Na+ into graphite is significantly hindered by the insufficient interlayer spacing. Here we report expanded graphite as a Na-ion battery anode. Prepared through a process of oxidation and partial reduction on graphite, expanded graphite has an enlarged interlayer lattice distance of 4.3A yet retains an analogous long-range-ordered layered structure to graphite. In situ transmission electron microscopy has demonstrated that the Na-ion can be reversibly inserted into and extracted from expanded graphite. Galvanostatic studies show that expanded graphite can deliver a high reversible capacity of 284mAhg-1 at a current density of 20mAg-1, maintain a capacity of 184mAhg-1 at 100mAg -1, and retain 73.92% of its capacity after 2,000 cycles.

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Expanded graphite as superior anode for sodium-ion batteries

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