@article{777b278302324b10a31945ae014b8729,
title = "Experimental limitations in impedance spectroscopy: Part VI. Four-point measurements of solid materials systems",
abstract = "Four-point impedance spectroscopy of solid materials systems is severely hampered by unavoidable voltage-divider effects associated with the reference electrodes. As demonstrated by test circuit studies and experiments with Pt/YSZ/Pt cells (with embedded silver reference electrodes), high impedance reference electrodes can produce distorted and erroneous impedance data. The relationships between these data and the sample properties (conductivity, dielectric constant) and instrument limitations (input impedance/capacitance) are derived. Successful four-point impedance measurements on conductive systems require large effective dielectric constants, which may be unattainable in bulk solids, but are often associated with internal interfaces.",
keywords = "Four-point measurements, Impedance spectroscopy",
author = "G. Hsieh and Ford, {S. J.} and Mason, {T. O.} and Pederson, {L. R.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supportedb y the U.S. Department of Energy/Fossil Energy AR&TD Materials Program (GH, LRP) and the National Science Foundation Center for Advanced Cement-BasedM aterials under grant no. DMR-91-20002 (SJF, TOM). George Hsieh acknowledges the support of a National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship. Funding Information: As an electrochemical characterization tool, impedance spectroscopy (I.S.) is unique in its ability to resolve electrical responses of individual components in a complicated system. This resolution is based on the fact that different physical phenomena often relax at very different frequencies. Details on the basics of impedance spectroscopy and equivalent circuit modeling of physical systems can be found in the monograph by Macdonald [ 11. Since Bauerle demonstrated the potential of this technique in his pioneer- *Corresponding author. Tel.: + 1 847 4913198; Fax: + 1 847 4917820; e-mail:
[email protected] {\textquoteleft}Operatedb y Battelle Memorial Institute for the U.S. Department of Energy under contract DE-AC06-76RL0 1830.",
year = "1997",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1016/s0167-2738(97)00355-x",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "100",
pages = "297--311",
journal = "Solid State Ionics",
issn = "0167-2738",
publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",
number = "3-4",
}