Extending the P4P agenda, part 1: How Medicare can improve patient decision making and reduce unnecessary care: An agenda for Medicare to help drive improvements through pay-for-performance and shared decision making

The decision to undergo many discretionary medical treatments should be based on informed patient choice. Shared decision making is an effective strategy for achieving this goal. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) should extend its pay-for-performance (P4P) agenda to assure that all Americans have access to a certified shared decision-making process. This paper outlines a strategy to achieve informed patient choice as the standard of practice for preference-sensitive care.