Abstract
Background: Administration of the Einstein Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale (ENNAS) can be time-consuming, and items can be highly correlated. We aimed to determine: (1) its factor analytic structure; (2) the validity of the factor structure; and (3) the associations of physiologic measures with factor scores. Methods: A factor analysis reduced 21 ENNAS items into 5 factors in 57 congenital heart disease (CHD) and 35 healthy infants. Multiple linear regressions examined the association of factor scores with group, gestational age, and physiologic variables. Results: 5-factor solution: 1 (Orienting Reflex), 2 (Extensor Axial Tone), 3 (Primitive Reflexes), 4 (Flexor Tone), 5 (Reflexive Tone Around Extremity Joints). Moderate to strong evidence supported: face, discriminant, and construct validity of these factors, with Factor 2 having the strongest. Conclusions: Components of Factor 2 may provide similar information about neonatal development, thus reducing the time for and burden of administration for researchers and clinicians.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 851-863 |
Number of pages | 13 |
Journal | Journal of child neurology |
Volume | 37 |
Issue number | 10-11 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 2022 |
Funding
We thank all of the families who participated in this study, as well as staff at the Heart Institute, Fetal Maternal Center, Brain Imaging Lab, and Brain Development Lab of Children's Hospital Los Angeles for their invaluable assistance. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by Children's Hospital Los Angeles Clinical Services Research Grant, SC CTSI (NCATS) through Grant UL1TR0001855, and the NINR K23 Grant 1K23NR019121-01A1. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. All authors, except JD, have no financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. JD has funding from Novartis, UCB, Aquestive, Neurelis, Ovid. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by Children's Hospital Los Angeles Clinical Services Research Grant, SC CTSI (NCATS) through Grant UL1TR0001855, and the NINR K23 Grant 1K23NR019121-01A1. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.
Keywords
- Einstein Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale
- congenital heart disease
- developmental outcomes
- factor analytic structure
- infants
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Clinical Neurology
- Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health
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Factor Analysis of the Einstein Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease and Healthy Controls
Tran, N. N. (Creator), Desai, J. (Creator), Votava-Smith, J. K. (Creator), Brecht, M.-L. (Creator), Vanderbilt, D. L. (Creator), Panigrahy, A. (Creator), Mackintosh, L. (Creator), Brady, K. M. (Creator) & Peterson, B. S. (Creator), SAGE Journals, 2022
DOI: 10.25384/sage.c.6134004, https://sage.figshare.com/collections/Factor_Analysis_of_the_Einstein_Neonatal_Neurobehavioral_Assessment_Scale_in_Infants_with_Congenital_Heart_Disease_and_Healthy_Controls/6134004
Dataset
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sj-xlsx-7-jcn-10.1177_08830738221115982 - Supplemental material for Factor Analysis of the Einstein Neonatal Neurobehavioral Assessment Scale in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease and Healthy Controls
Tran, N. N. (Creator), Desai, J. (Creator), Votava-Smith, J. K. (Creator), Brecht, M.-L. (Creator), Vanderbilt, D. L. (Creator), Panigrahy, A. (Creator), Mackintosh, L. (Creator), Brady, K. M. (Creator) & Peterson, B. S. (Creator), SAGE Journals, 2022
DOI: 10.25384/sage.20439477, https://sage.figshare.com/articles/dataset/sj-xlsx-7-jcn-10_1177_08830738221115982_-_Supplemental_material_for_Factor_Analysis_of_the_Einstein_Neonatal_Neurobehavioral_Assessment_Scale_in_Infants_with_Congenital_Heart_Disease_and_Healthy_Controls/20439477
Dataset