@article{579096d0e566487ba5073a9fcfdbe2de,
title = "Fear and panic in humans with bilateral amygdala damage",
abstract = "Decades of research have highlighted the amygdala's influential role in fear. We found that inhalation of 35% CO2 evoked not only fear, but also panic attacks, in three rare patients with bilateral amygdala damage. These results indicate that the amygdala is not required for fear and panic, and make an important distinction between fear triggered by external threats from the environment versus fear triggered internally by CO2.",
author = "Feinstein, {Justin S.} and Colin Buzza and Rene Hurlemann and Follmer, {Robin L.} and Dahdaleh, {Nader S.} and Coryell, {William H.} and Welsh, {Michael J.} and Daniel Tranel and Wemmie, {John A.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank A. Wunsch for technical support and M. Coryell and J. Potash for critically reading this manuscript. C.B. was supported by a Doris Duke Clinical Research Fellowship. D.T. was supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P50 NS19632). J.A.W. was supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs (Merit Award), the National Institutes of Mental Health (5RO1MH085724) and a McKnight Neuroscience of Brain Disorders Award. R.H. was supported by a Starting Independent Researcher Grant (NEMO—Neuromodulation of Emotion) jointly provided by the Ministry of Innovation, Science, Research and Technology of the German State of North Rhine-Westphalia (MIWFT) and the University of Bonn. M.J.W. receives funding from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.",
year = "2013",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1038/nn.3323",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "16",
pages = "270--272",
journal = "Nature neuroscience",
issn = "1097-6256",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "3",
}