@inproceedings{7e0c4dfecad746f998180378146692b5,
title = "Finite element modeling of electric field effects of TASER devices on nerve and muscle",
abstract = "Introduction: TASERs deliver electrical pulses that can temporarily incapacitate subjects. The goal of this paper is to analyze the distribution of currents in muscle layers and understand the electro-muscular incapacitation safety and efficacy of TASERs. Methods and Results: The analyses describe skeletal muscle and motor nerve activation, cell electroporation and current and electric field distributions through skin, fat and muscle layers, under worst-case assumptions for TASER electrode penetration and separation. For the muscle layer, the analysis predicts worst-case current-density and field-strength values of 94 mA/cm2 and 47 V/cm. Both values are higher than thresholds required for neuromuscular activation but significantly lower than levels needed for permanent cellular electroporation or tissue damage. Conclusion: The results indicate that TASERs are safe and effective in producing temporary subject incapacitation.",
keywords = "Activation, Modeling, Muscle, Nerve, TASER",
author = "Dorin Panescu and Kroll, {Mark W.} and Efimov, {Igor R.} and Sweeney, {James D.}",
year = "2006",
doi = "10.1109/IEMBS.2006.260376",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "1424400325",
series = "Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology - Proceedings",
pages = "1277--1279",
booktitle = "28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS'06",
note = "28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, EMBS'06 ; Conference date: 30-08-2006 Through 03-09-2006",
}