First-stage palliation strategy for univentricular heart disease may impact risk for acute kidney injury

Bryan H. Goldstein*, Stuart L. Goldstein, Prasad Devarajan, Farhan Zafar, David M. Kwiatkowski, Bradley Scott Marino, David L.S. Morales, Catherine D. Krawczeski, David S. Cooper

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

10 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective Norwood palliation for patients with single ventricle heart disease is associated with a significant risk for acute kidney injury, which portends a worse prognosis. We sought to investigate the impact of hybrid stage I palliation (Hybrid) on acute kidney injury risk. Design This study is a single-centre prospective case-control study of seven consecutive neonates with single ventricle undergoing Hybrid palliation. Levels of serum creatinine and four novel urinary biomarkers, namely neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin-18, liver fatty acid-binding protein, and kidney injury molecule-1, were obtained before and after palliation. Acute kidney injury was defined as a 50% increase in serum creatinine within 48 hours after the procedure. Data were compared with a contemporary cohort of 12 neonates with single ventricle who underwent Norwood palliation. Results Patients who underwent Hybrid were more likely to be high-risk candidates (86 versus 25%, p=0.01) compared with those who underwent Norwood. Despite similar preoperative serum creatinine levels, there was a trend towards higher levels of postoperative peak serum creatinine (0.7 [0.63, 0.94] versus 0.56 [0.47, 0.74], p=0.06) and rate of acute kidney injury (67 versus 29%, p=0.17) in the Norwood cohort. Preoperative neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (58.4 [11, 86.3] versus 6.3 [5, 16.2], p=0.07) and interleukin-18 (30.6 [9.6, 167.2] versus 6.3 [6.3, 16.4], p=0.03) levels were higher in the Hybrid cohort. Nevertheless, longitudinal mixed-effect models demonstrated Hybrid palliation to be a protective factor against increased postoperative levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (estimate -1.8 [-3.0, -9.0], p<0.001) and liver fatty acid-binding protein (-49.3 [-89.7, -8.8], p=0.018). Conclusions In this single-centre case-control study, postoperative acute kidney injury risk did not differ significantly by single ventricle stage I treatment strategy; however, postoperative elevation in novel urinary biomarkers, consistent with subclinical kidney injury, was encountered in the Norwood cohort but not in the Hybrid cohort.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)93-100
Number of pages8
JournalCardiology in the Young
Volume28
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jan 1 2018

Funding

P.D. is supported by NIH P50 DK096418.

Keywords

  • Acute kidney injury
  • CHD
  • Hybrid procedure
  • Norwood procedure
  • hypoplastic left heart syndrome

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health

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