Flexible and Transparent Metal Oxide/Metal Grid Hybrid Interfaces for Electrophysiology and Optogenetics

Zhiyuan Chen; Rose T. Yin; Sofian N. Obaid; Jinbi Tian; Sheena W. Chen; Alana N. Miniovich; Nicolas Boyajian; Igor R. Efimov; Luyao Lu

doi:10.1002/admt.202000322

Flexible and Transparent Metal Oxide/Metal Grid Hybrid Interfaces for Electrophysiology and Optogenetics

Zhiyuan Chen, Rose T. Yin, Sofian N. Obaid, Jinbi Tian, Sheena W. Chen, Alana N. Miniovich, Nicolas Boyajian, Igor R. Efimov^*, Luyao Lu

^*Corresponding author for this work

Biomedical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

Flexible and transparent microelectrodes and interconnects provide the unique capability for a wide range of emerging biological applications, including simultaneous optical and electrical interrogation of biological systems. For practical biointerfacing, it is important to further improve the optical, electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the transparent conductive materials. Here, high-performance microelectrodes and interconnects with high optical transmittance (59–81%), superior electrochemical impedance (5.4–18.4 Ω cm²), and excellent sheet resistance (5.6–14.1 Ω sq⁻¹), using indium tin oxide (ITO) and metal grid (MG) hybrid structures are demonstrated. Notably, the hybrid structures retain the superior mechanical properties of flexible MG other than brittle ITO with no changes in sheet resistance even after 5000 bending cycles against a small radius at 5 mm. The capabilities of the ITO/MG microelectrodes and interconnects are highlighted by high-fidelity electrical recordings of transgenic mouse hearts during co-localized programmed optogenetic stimulation. In vivo histological analysis reveals that the ITO/MG structures are fully biocompatible. Those results demonstrate the great potential of ITO/MG interfaces for broad fundamental and translational physiological studies.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	2000322
Journal	Advanced Materials Technologies
Volume	5
Issue number	8
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.202000322
State	Published - Aug 1 2020

Keywords

electrophysiology
flexible microelectrodes
indium tin oxide
metal grids
transparent microelectrodes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Materials Science(all)
Mechanics of Materials
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

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10.1002/admt.202000322

Cite this

@article{ebc33fb91a3249ad9c28e5a1a05a555e,

title = "Flexible and Transparent Metal Oxide/Metal Grid Hybrid Interfaces for Electrophysiology and Optogenetics",

abstract = "Flexible and transparent microelectrodes and interconnects provide the unique capability for a wide range of emerging biological applications, including simultaneous optical and electrical interrogation of biological systems. For practical biointerfacing, it is important to further improve the optical, electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the transparent conductive materials. Here, high-performance microelectrodes and interconnects with high optical transmittance (59–81%), superior electrochemical impedance (5.4–18.4 Ω cm2), and excellent sheet resistance (5.6–14.1 Ω sq−1), using indium tin oxide (ITO) and metal grid (MG) hybrid structures are demonstrated. Notably, the hybrid structures retain the superior mechanical properties of flexible MG other than brittle ITO with no changes in sheet resistance even after 5000 bending cycles against a small radius at 5 mm. The capabilities of the ITO/MG microelectrodes and interconnects are highlighted by high-fidelity electrical recordings of transgenic mouse hearts during co-localized programmed optogenetic stimulation. In vivo histological analysis reveals that the ITO/MG structures are fully biocompatible. Those results demonstrate the great potential of ITO/MG interfaces for broad fundamental and translational physiological studies.",

keywords = "electrophysiology, flexible microelectrodes, indium tin oxide, metal grids, transparent microelectrodes",

author = "Zhiyuan Chen and Yin, {Rose T.} and Obaid, {Sofian N.} and Jinbi Tian and Chen, {Sheena W.} and Miniovich, {Alana N.} and Nicolas Boyajian and Efimov, {Igor R.} and Luyao Lu",

note = "Funding Information: Z.C and R.T.Y contributed equally to this work. The authors thank The George Washington University Nanofabrication and Imaging Center for its facilities regarding device fabrication. The authors thank Dr. Tatiana Efimova for her guidance in the histological analysis of the skin. L.L. was supported by The George Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering start-up funds. I.R.E. acknowledges Leducq Foundation grant RHYTHM and National Institutes of Health grants (3OT2OD023848 and R01HL141470). R.T.Y. was supported by the American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship (19PRE34380781). Funding Information: Z.C and R.T.Y contributed equally to this work. The authors thank The George Washington University Nanofabrication and Imaging Center for its facilities regarding device fabrication. The authors thank Dr. Tatiana Efimova for her guidance in the histological analysis of the skin. L.L. was supported by The George Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering start‐up funds. I.R.E. acknowledges Leducq Foundation grant RHYTHM and National Institutes of Health grants (3OT2OD023848 and R01HL141470). R.T.Y. was supported by the American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship (19PRE34380781). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim",

year = "2020",

month = aug,

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doi = "10.1002/admt.202000322",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "5",

journal = "Advanced Materials Technologies",

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T1 - Flexible and Transparent Metal Oxide/Metal Grid Hybrid Interfaces for Electrophysiology and Optogenetics

AU - Chen, Zhiyuan

AU - Yin, Rose T.

AU - Obaid, Sofian N.

AU - Tian, Jinbi

AU - Chen, Sheena W.

AU - Miniovich, Alana N.

AU - Boyajian, Nicolas

AU - Efimov, Igor R.

AU - Lu, Luyao

N1 - Funding Information: Z.C and R.T.Y contributed equally to this work. The authors thank The George Washington University Nanofabrication and Imaging Center for its facilities regarding device fabrication. The authors thank Dr. Tatiana Efimova for her guidance in the histological analysis of the skin. L.L. was supported by The George Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering start-up funds. I.R.E. acknowledges Leducq Foundation grant RHYTHM and National Institutes of Health grants (3OT2OD023848 and R01HL141470). R.T.Y. was supported by the American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship (19PRE34380781). Funding Information: Z.C and R.T.Y contributed equally to this work. The authors thank The George Washington University Nanofabrication and Imaging Center for its facilities regarding device fabrication. The authors thank Dr. Tatiana Efimova for her guidance in the histological analysis of the skin. L.L. was supported by The George Washington University, Department of Biomedical Engineering start‐up funds. I.R.E. acknowledges Leducq Foundation grant RHYTHM and National Institutes of Health grants (3OT2OD023848 and R01HL141470). R.T.Y. was supported by the American Heart Association Predoctoral Fellowship (19PRE34380781). Publisher Copyright: © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

PY - 2020/8/1

Y1 - 2020/8/1

N2 - Flexible and transparent microelectrodes and interconnects provide the unique capability for a wide range of emerging biological applications, including simultaneous optical and electrical interrogation of biological systems. For practical biointerfacing, it is important to further improve the optical, electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the transparent conductive materials. Here, high-performance microelectrodes and interconnects with high optical transmittance (59–81%), superior electrochemical impedance (5.4–18.4 Ω cm2), and excellent sheet resistance (5.6–14.1 Ω sq−1), using indium tin oxide (ITO) and metal grid (MG) hybrid structures are demonstrated. Notably, the hybrid structures retain the superior mechanical properties of flexible MG other than brittle ITO with no changes in sheet resistance even after 5000 bending cycles against a small radius at 5 mm. The capabilities of the ITO/MG microelectrodes and interconnects are highlighted by high-fidelity electrical recordings of transgenic mouse hearts during co-localized programmed optogenetic stimulation. In vivo histological analysis reveals that the ITO/MG structures are fully biocompatible. Those results demonstrate the great potential of ITO/MG interfaces for broad fundamental and translational physiological studies.

AB - Flexible and transparent microelectrodes and interconnects provide the unique capability for a wide range of emerging biological applications, including simultaneous optical and electrical interrogation of biological systems. For practical biointerfacing, it is important to further improve the optical, electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical properties of the transparent conductive materials. Here, high-performance microelectrodes and interconnects with high optical transmittance (59–81%), superior electrochemical impedance (5.4–18.4 Ω cm2), and excellent sheet resistance (5.6–14.1 Ω sq−1), using indium tin oxide (ITO) and metal grid (MG) hybrid structures are demonstrated. Notably, the hybrid structures retain the superior mechanical properties of flexible MG other than brittle ITO with no changes in sheet resistance even after 5000 bending cycles against a small radius at 5 mm. The capabilities of the ITO/MG microelectrodes and interconnects are highlighted by high-fidelity electrical recordings of transgenic mouse hearts during co-localized programmed optogenetic stimulation. In vivo histological analysis reveals that the ITO/MG structures are fully biocompatible. Those results demonstrate the great potential of ITO/MG interfaces for broad fundamental and translational physiological studies.

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KW - indium tin oxide

KW - metal grids

KW - transparent microelectrodes

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Flexible and Transparent Metal Oxide/Metal Grid Hybrid Interfaces for Electrophysiology and Optogenetics

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