TY - JOUR
T1 - Food Access, Chronic Kidney Disease, and Hypertension in the U.S.
AU - Suarez, Jonathan J.
AU - Isakova, Tamara
AU - Anderson, Cheryl A.M.
AU - Boulware, L. Ebony
AU - Wolf, Myles
AU - Scialla, Julia J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
Copyright:
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/12/1
Y1 - 2015/12/1
N2 - Introduction Greater distance to full-service supermarkets and low income may impair access to healthy diets and contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. The study aim was to determine relationships among residence in a "food desert," low income, CKD, and blood pressure. Methods Adults in the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N=22,173) were linked to food desert data (www.ers.usda.gov) by Census Tracts. Food deserts have low median income and are further from a supermarket or large grocery store (>1 mile in urban areas, >10 miles in rural areas). Weighted regression was used to determine the association of residence in a food desert and family income with dietary intake; systolic blood pressure (SBP); and odds of CKD. Data analysis was performed in 2014-2015. Results Compared with those not in food deserts, participants residing in food deserts had lower levels of serum carotenoids (p<0.01), a biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake, and higher SBP (1.53 mmHg higher, 95% CI=0.41, 2.66) after adjustment for demographics and income. Residence in a food desert was not associated with odds of CKD (OR=1.20, 95% CI=0.96, 1.49). Lower, versus higher, income was associated with lower serum carotenoids (p<0.01) and higher SBP (2.00 mmHg higher for income-poverty ratio ≤1 vs >3, 95% CI=1.12, 2.89), but also greater odds of CKD (OR=1.76 for income-poverty ratio ≤1 vs >3, 95% CI=1.48, 2.10). Conclusions Limited access to healthy food due to geographic or financial barriers could be targeted for prevention of CKD and hypertension.
AB - Introduction Greater distance to full-service supermarkets and low income may impair access to healthy diets and contribute to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypertension. The study aim was to determine relationships among residence in a "food desert," low income, CKD, and blood pressure. Methods Adults in the 2003-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (N=22,173) were linked to food desert data (www.ers.usda.gov) by Census Tracts. Food deserts have low median income and are further from a supermarket or large grocery store (>1 mile in urban areas, >10 miles in rural areas). Weighted regression was used to determine the association of residence in a food desert and family income with dietary intake; systolic blood pressure (SBP); and odds of CKD. Data analysis was performed in 2014-2015. Results Compared with those not in food deserts, participants residing in food deserts had lower levels of serum carotenoids (p<0.01), a biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake, and higher SBP (1.53 mmHg higher, 95% CI=0.41, 2.66) after adjustment for demographics and income. Residence in a food desert was not associated with odds of CKD (OR=1.20, 95% CI=0.96, 1.49). Lower, versus higher, income was associated with lower serum carotenoids (p<0.01) and higher SBP (2.00 mmHg higher for income-poverty ratio ≤1 vs >3, 95% CI=1.12, 2.89), but also greater odds of CKD (OR=1.76 for income-poverty ratio ≤1 vs >3, 95% CI=1.48, 2.10). Conclusions Limited access to healthy food due to geographic or financial barriers could be targeted for prevention of CKD and hypertension.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.017
DO - 10.1016/j.amepre.2015.07.017
M3 - Article
C2 - 26590940
AN - SCOPUS:84949645316
VL - 49
SP - 912
EP - 920
JO - American Journal of Preventive Medicine
JF - American Journal of Preventive Medicine
SN - 0749-3797
IS - 6
ER -