Fossil flowers with Normapolles pollen from the Upper Cretaceous of southeastern North America

Hallie J. Sims; Patrick S. Herendeen; Richard Lupia; Raymond A. Christopher; Peter R. Crane

doi:10.1016/S0034-6667(99)00008-1

Fossil flowers with Normapolles pollen from the Upper Cretaceous of southeastern North America

Hallie J. Sims, Patrick S. Herendeen^*, Richard Lupia, Raymond A. Christopher, Peter R. Crane

^*Corresponding author for this work

Program in Biological Sciences-Chicago Botanic Garden

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

60 Scopus citations

Abstract

Three types of fossil flowers and fruits are described from the upper Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) Buffalo Creek Member of the Gaillard Formation in central Georgia, USA. The pollen of each of these new types is known from the palynological record and can be assigned to the Normapolles group, a morphologically diverse complex of angiosperm pollen characteristic of the Upper Cretaceous of eastern North America and Europe. The fossils presented here are the first known Normapolles-producing floral structures to be described from North America. One type is similar to the European species Caryanthus knoblochii whereas a second (Bedellia pusilla Sims et al., gen. et sp. nov.) is established as a new genus and species. The third flower type is described but not named due to lack of sufficient morphological detail. Together, the North American and European genera support previous interpretations that some members of the Normapolles complex are closely related to families within the 'higher' hamamelids (especially Juglandaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Myricaceae, and Betulaceae).

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	131-151
Number of pages	21
Journal	Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology
Volume	106
Issue number	3-4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(99)00008-1
State	Published - Aug 1999

Funding

We thank A.N. Drinnan, J. Horn, J.A. Keller, and S. Magallón-Puebla for preparatory work on some of the fossil material figured here, J. Buschbom for translation assistance, and A.N. Drinnan, P.K. Endress, N.O. Frederiksen and E.M. Friis for critical discussions of the morphology and affinities of the fossil material and palynology. We also benefited greatly from careful reviews of the manuscript by D.J. Batten and an anonymous reviewer. The Atlanta Sand and Supply Company kindly allowed access to the locality where the fossil material was collected. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grants EAR-9614672 and DEB-9616443 to P.R. Crane and P.S. Herendeen, and a grant from the Wellesley Friends of Horticulture and a Biodiversity Training Grant Supplement (National Science Foundation grant GER-9355032, J. Altmann, P.I.) to H.J. Sims.

Keywords

Angiosperm
Cretaceous
Fossil flowers
Normapolles
North America
Paleobotany

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Palaeontology

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10.1016/S0034-6667(99)00008-1

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@article{a13eb55d46b9495ca14d88926f47128a,

title = "Fossil flowers with Normapolles pollen from the Upper Cretaceous of southeastern North America",

abstract = "Three types of fossil flowers and fruits are described from the upper Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) Buffalo Creek Member of the Gaillard Formation in central Georgia, USA. The pollen of each of these new types is known from the palynological record and can be assigned to the Normapolles group, a morphologically diverse complex of angiosperm pollen characteristic of the Upper Cretaceous of eastern North America and Europe. The fossils presented here are the first known Normapolles-producing floral structures to be described from North America. One type is similar to the European species Caryanthus knoblochii whereas a second (Bedellia pusilla Sims et al., gen. et sp. nov.) is established as a new genus and species. The third flower type is described but not named due to lack of sufficient morphological detail. Together, the North American and European genera support previous interpretations that some members of the Normapolles complex are closely related to families within the 'higher' hamamelids (especially Juglandaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Myricaceae, and Betulaceae).",

keywords = "Angiosperm, Cretaceous, Fossil flowers, Normapolles, North America, Paleobotany",

author = "Sims, {Hallie J.} and Herendeen, {Patrick S.} and Richard Lupia and Christopher, {Raymond A.} and Crane, {Peter R.}",

note = "Funding Information: We thank A.N. Drinnan, J. Horn, J.A. Keller, and S. Magall{\'o}n-Puebla for preparatory work on some of the fossil material figured here, J. Buschbom for translation assistance, and A.N. Drinnan, P.K. Endress, N.O. Frederiksen and E.M. Friis for critical discussions of the morphology and affinities of the fossil material and palynology. We also benefited greatly from careful reviews of the manuscript by D.J. Batten and an anonymous reviewer. The Atlanta Sand and Supply Company kindly allowed access to the locality where the fossil material was collected. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grants EAR-9614672 and DEB-9616443 to P.R. Crane and P.S. Herendeen, and a grant from the Wellesley Friends of Horticulture and a Biodiversity Training Grant Supplement (National Science Foundation grant GER-9355032, J. Altmann, P.I.) to H.J. Sims. Copyright: Copyright 2004 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.",

year = "1999",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/S0034-6667(99)00008-1",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "106",

pages = "131--151",

journal = "Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology",

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T1 - Fossil flowers with Normapolles pollen from the Upper Cretaceous of southeastern North America

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AU - Herendeen, Patrick S.

AU - Lupia, Richard

AU - Christopher, Raymond A.

AU - Crane, Peter R.

N1 - Funding Information: We thank A.N. Drinnan, J. Horn, J.A. Keller, and S. Magallón-Puebla for preparatory work on some of the fossil material figured here, J. Buschbom for translation assistance, and A.N. Drinnan, P.K. Endress, N.O. Frederiksen and E.M. Friis for critical discussions of the morphology and affinities of the fossil material and palynology. We also benefited greatly from careful reviews of the manuscript by D.J. Batten and an anonymous reviewer. The Atlanta Sand and Supply Company kindly allowed access to the locality where the fossil material was collected. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation grants EAR-9614672 and DEB-9616443 to P.R. Crane and P.S. Herendeen, and a grant from the Wellesley Friends of Horticulture and a Biodiversity Training Grant Supplement (National Science Foundation grant GER-9355032, J. Altmann, P.I.) to H.J. Sims. Copyright: Copyright 2004 Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam. All rights reserved.

PY - 1999/8

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N2 - Three types of fossil flowers and fruits are described from the upper Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) Buffalo Creek Member of the Gaillard Formation in central Georgia, USA. The pollen of each of these new types is known from the palynological record and can be assigned to the Normapolles group, a morphologically diverse complex of angiosperm pollen characteristic of the Upper Cretaceous of eastern North America and Europe. The fossils presented here are the first known Normapolles-producing floral structures to be described from North America. One type is similar to the European species Caryanthus knoblochii whereas a second (Bedellia pusilla Sims et al., gen. et sp. nov.) is established as a new genus and species. The third flower type is described but not named due to lack of sufficient morphological detail. Together, the North American and European genera support previous interpretations that some members of the Normapolles complex are closely related to families within the 'higher' hamamelids (especially Juglandaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Myricaceae, and Betulaceae).

AB - Three types of fossil flowers and fruits are described from the upper Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) Buffalo Creek Member of the Gaillard Formation in central Georgia, USA. The pollen of each of these new types is known from the palynological record and can be assigned to the Normapolles group, a morphologically diverse complex of angiosperm pollen characteristic of the Upper Cretaceous of eastern North America and Europe. The fossils presented here are the first known Normapolles-producing floral structures to be described from North America. One type is similar to the European species Caryanthus knoblochii whereas a second (Bedellia pusilla Sims et al., gen. et sp. nov.) is established as a new genus and species. The third flower type is described but not named due to lack of sufficient morphological detail. Together, the North American and European genera support previous interpretations that some members of the Normapolles complex are closely related to families within the 'higher' hamamelids (especially Juglandaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Myricaceae, and Betulaceae).

KW - Angiosperm

KW - Cretaceous

KW - Fossil flowers

KW - Normapolles

KW - North America

KW - Paleobotany

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JO - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

JF - Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology

IS - 3-4

ER -

Fossil flowers with Normapolles pollen from the Upper Cretaceous of southeastern North America

Abstract

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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