TY - JOUR
T1 - Friction at Ring–Liner Interface Analyzed with a Systematic Surface Characterization
AU - Khan, Arman Mohammad
AU - Wang, Q. Jane
AU - Fernandez, Juan Esteban
AU - Li, Zhe
AU - Liu, Yuchuan
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are grateful for support from General Motors.
Funding Information:
This research was supported in part through the computational resources and staff contributions provided for the Quest High Performance Computing Facility at Northwestern University, which is jointly supported by the Office of the Provost, the Office for Research, and Northwestern University Information Technology. The authors are grateful for support from General Motors.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - The ring–liner interface of an internal combustion engine is a very important interface because its behavior directly affects fuel efficiency of an automobile and the engine life. The liner surface is complicated, with honing features on top of the primary roughness. Moreover, liner surfaces considered here also contain pores that are random in terms of their shape and distribution. The work reported in this article systematically models the tribological performance of such surfaces in a ring–liner interface. A microscopic single-pore computational fluid dynamics analysis is conducted on the representative pore shape obtained from liner–surface characterization to quantify the effect of pores on friction. A pore influence zone is suggested, and a friction reduction factor is defined for pores. A macroscopic ring–liner interface model is developed in parallel to solve the average Reynolds equation for a representative section with the consideration of the starvation and cavitation effects. The two models are then combined to predict friction at the ring–liner interface for the liner surfaces with pores. Excellent agreement is observed between our modeling and experimental results. The effects of random pores of varying densities in the range of 2–10% on the ring–liner interface performance are studied under flooded and starved conditions. The results indicate that surface pores increase friction when the ring–liner set is operated under flooded conditions. However, when starvation occurs, surface pores help reduce friction.
AB - The ring–liner interface of an internal combustion engine is a very important interface because its behavior directly affects fuel efficiency of an automobile and the engine life. The liner surface is complicated, with honing features on top of the primary roughness. Moreover, liner surfaces considered here also contain pores that are random in terms of their shape and distribution. The work reported in this article systematically models the tribological performance of such surfaces in a ring–liner interface. A microscopic single-pore computational fluid dynamics analysis is conducted on the representative pore shape obtained from liner–surface characterization to quantify the effect of pores on friction. A pore influence zone is suggested, and a friction reduction factor is defined for pores. A macroscopic ring–liner interface model is developed in parallel to solve the average Reynolds equation for a representative section with the consideration of the starvation and cavitation effects. The two models are then combined to predict friction at the ring–liner interface for the liner surfaces with pores. Excellent agreement is observed between our modeling and experimental results. The effects of random pores of varying densities in the range of 2–10% on the ring–liner interface performance are studied under flooded and starved conditions. The results indicate that surface pores increase friction when the ring–liner set is operated under flooded conditions. However, when starvation occurs, surface pores help reduce friction.
KW - friction reduction factor
KW - pore influence zone
KW - Ring–liner interface lubrication
KW - semideterministic method
KW - surface pores
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U2 - 10.1080/10402004.2021.1964663
DO - 10.1080/10402004.2021.1964663
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85115337830
SN - 1040-2004
VL - 64
SP - 1064
EP - 1078
JO - Tribology Transactions
JF - Tribology Transactions
IS - 6
ER -