Front-contact passivation through 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions enables efficient bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Esma Ugur; Erkan Aydin; Michele De Bastiani; George T. Harrison; Bumin K. Yildirim; Sam Teale; Bin Chen; Jiang Liu; Mingcong Wang; Akmaral Seitkhan; Maxime Babics; Anand S. Subbiah; Ahmed Ali Said; Randi Azmi; Atteq ur Rehman; Thomas G. Allen; Philip Schulz; Edward H. Sargent; Frédéric Laquai; Stefaan De Wolf

doi:10.1016/j.matt.2023.05.028

Front-contact passivation through 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions enables efficient bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Esma Ugur^*, Erkan Aydin, Michele De Bastiani, George T. Harrison, Bumin K. Yildirim, Sam Teale, Bin Chen, Jiang Liu, Mingcong Wang, Akmaral Seitkhan, Maxime Babics, Anand S. Subbiah, Ahmed Ali Said, Randi Azmi, Atteq ur Rehman, Thomas G. Allen, Philip Schulz, Edward H. Sargent, Frédéric Laquai^*, Stefaan De Wolf^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Chemistry

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

Surface passivation by thin-slab 2D perovskites is an effective method to suppress interfacial carrier recombination of 3D metal halide perovskite photoabsorbers. However, improving device performance by integrating such 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions in the sunward, transparent contacts of perovskite solar cells is not evident due to the high exciton binding energies of phase-pure 2D perovskites, which may result in inefficient free-carrier generation and collection. Here, we overcome this challenge by tuning the dimensionality of 2D perovskites via structural isomers of butylammonium (BA) as a small organic cation, occupying the A-site of the 2D perovskite lattice. The discontinuous iso-BA-based 2D crystals on the 3D perovskite surface yield improved interfacial passivation and enhanced hole extraction. Besides an increased open circuit voltage, this remarkably leads to an enhanced photocurrent (∼1 mA cm⁻²) compared with control perovskite solar cells, resulting in bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with power generation densities >27 mW cm⁻².

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	2919-2934
Number of pages	16
Journal	Matter
Volume	6
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2023.05.028
State	Published - Sep 6 2023

Funding

This work was supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under award nos. OSR-CARF/CCF-3079 , OSR-CRG2019-4093 , OSR-CRG2020-4350 , IED OSR-2019-4208 , IED OSR-2019-4580 , and REI/1/4833-01-01 . E.U. thanks Alessandro Genovese from KAUST Imaging and Characterization Core Lab for the TEM images. S.T., B.C., and E.H.S. thank the CLS for its support. GIWAXS patterns were collected at the BXDS Beamline at the CLS with the assistance of Dr. Adam Leontowich and Dr. Chang-Yong Kim. The CLS is funded by NSERC , the Canadian Institutes of Health Research , the Canada Foundation for Innovation , the government of Saskatchewan , Western Economic Diversification Canada , and the University of Saskatchewan . This research was made possible by the US Department of the Navy , Office of Naval Research Grant ( N00014-20-1-2572 ). P.S. thanks the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche for funding under the contract number ANR-17-MPGA-0012 . This work was supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) under award nos. OSR-CARF/CCF-3079, OSR-CRG2019-4093, OSR-CRG2020-4350, IED OSR-2019-4208, IED OSR-2019-4580, and REI/1/4833-01-01. E.U. thanks Alessandro Genovese from KAUST Imaging and Characterization Core Lab for the TEM images. S.T. B.C. and E.H.S. thank the CLS for its support. GIWAXS patterns were collected at the BXDS Beamline at the CLS with the assistance of Dr. Adam Leontowich and Dr. Chang-Yong Kim. The CLS is funded by NSERC, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the government of Saskatchewan, Western Economic Diversification Canada, and the University of Saskatchewan. This research was made possible by the US Department of the Navy, Office of Naval Research Grant (N00014-20-1-2572). P.S. thanks the French Agence Nationale de la Recherche for funding under the contract number ANR-17-MPGA-0012. E.U. conceived the idea, fabricated the perovskite SJ and bifacial tandem solar cells, and performed the optical spectroscopy measurements. E.A. developed the n-i-p perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells and conducted the EQE measurements. E.A. and M.D.B. helped to develop bifacial tandem measurement protocol. E.A. and B.K.Y. developed the home-built bifacial measurement setup. G.T.H. conducted UPS/XPS measurements; G.T.H. and P.S. analyzed the data. S.T. and B.C. conducted GIWAXS measurements and analyzed the data; E.H.S. supervised the measurement. J.L. and M.W. developed the MATLAB code. A.S.S. sketched the 2D crystal formation. A.A.S. and R.A. conducted and analyzed the structural data. A.S. conducted TEM measurements and analyzed the data. A.u.R. T.G.A. M.D.B. and M.B. fabricated silicon bottom cells. F.L. and S.D.W. supervised the project. All authors contributed to manuscript writing. The authors declare no competing interests.

Keywords

2D/3D perovskite heterojunction
MAP5: Improvement
bifacial tandem solar cells
perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Materials Science

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10.1016/j.matt.2023.05.028

Cite this

Ugur, E., Aydin, E., De Bastiani, M., Harrison, G. T., Yildirim, B. K., Teale, S., Chen, B., Liu, J., Wang, M., Seitkhan, A., Babics, M., Subbiah, A. S., Said, A. A., Azmi, R., Rehman, A. U., Allen, T. G., Schulz, P., Sargent, E. H., Laquai, F., & De Wolf, S. (2023). Front-contact passivation through 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions enables efficient bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. Matter, 6(9), 2919-2934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2023.05.028

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abstract = "Surface passivation by thin-slab 2D perovskites is an effective method to suppress interfacial carrier recombination of 3D metal halide perovskite photoabsorbers. However, improving device performance by integrating such 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions in the sunward, transparent contacts of perovskite solar cells is not evident due to the high exciton binding energies of phase-pure 2D perovskites, which may result in inefficient free-carrier generation and collection. Here, we overcome this challenge by tuning the dimensionality of 2D perovskites via structural isomers of butylammonium (BA) as a small organic cation, occupying the A-site of the 2D perovskite lattice. The discontinuous iso-BA-based 2D crystals on the 3D perovskite surface yield improved interfacial passivation and enhanced hole extraction. Besides an increased open circuit voltage, this remarkably leads to an enhanced photocurrent (∼1 mA cm−2) compared with control perovskite solar cells, resulting in bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with power generation densities >27 mW cm−2.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.matt.2023.05.028",

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Ugur, E, Aydin, E, De Bastiani, M, Harrison, GT, Yildirim, BK, Teale, S, Chen, B, Liu, J, Wang, M, Seitkhan, A, Babics, M, Subbiah, AS, Said, AA, Azmi, R, Rehman, AU, Allen, TG, Schulz, P, Sargent, EH, Laquai, F & De Wolf, S 2023, 'Front-contact passivation through 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions enables efficient bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells', Matter, vol. 6, no. 9, pp. 2919-2934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2023.05.028

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T1 - Front-contact passivation through 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions enables efficient bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

AU - Ugur, Esma

AU - Aydin, Erkan

AU - De Bastiani, Michele

AU - Harrison, George T.

AU - Yildirim, Bumin K.

AU - Teale, Sam

AU - Chen, Bin

AU - Liu, Jiang

AU - Wang, Mingcong

AU - Seitkhan, Akmaral

AU - Babics, Maxime

AU - Subbiah, Anand S.

AU - Said, Ahmed Ali

AU - Azmi, Randi

AU - Rehman, Atteq ur

AU - Allen, Thomas G.

AU - Schulz, Philip

AU - Sargent, Edward H.

AU - Laquai, Frédéric

AU - De Wolf, Stefaan

PY - 2023/9/6

Y1 - 2023/9/6

N2 - Surface passivation by thin-slab 2D perovskites is an effective method to suppress interfacial carrier recombination of 3D metal halide perovskite photoabsorbers. However, improving device performance by integrating such 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions in the sunward, transparent contacts of perovskite solar cells is not evident due to the high exciton binding energies of phase-pure 2D perovskites, which may result in inefficient free-carrier generation and collection. Here, we overcome this challenge by tuning the dimensionality of 2D perovskites via structural isomers of butylammonium (BA) as a small organic cation, occupying the A-site of the 2D perovskite lattice. The discontinuous iso-BA-based 2D crystals on the 3D perovskite surface yield improved interfacial passivation and enhanced hole extraction. Besides an increased open circuit voltage, this remarkably leads to an enhanced photocurrent (∼1 mA cm−2) compared with control perovskite solar cells, resulting in bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with power generation densities >27 mW cm−2.

AB - Surface passivation by thin-slab 2D perovskites is an effective method to suppress interfacial carrier recombination of 3D metal halide perovskite photoabsorbers. However, improving device performance by integrating such 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions in the sunward, transparent contacts of perovskite solar cells is not evident due to the high exciton binding energies of phase-pure 2D perovskites, which may result in inefficient free-carrier generation and collection. Here, we overcome this challenge by tuning the dimensionality of 2D perovskites via structural isomers of butylammonium (BA) as a small organic cation, occupying the A-site of the 2D perovskite lattice. The discontinuous iso-BA-based 2D crystals on the 3D perovskite surface yield improved interfacial passivation and enhanced hole extraction. Besides an increased open circuit voltage, this remarkably leads to an enhanced photocurrent (∼1 mA cm−2) compared with control perovskite solar cells, resulting in bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with power generation densities >27 mW cm−2.

KW - 2D/3D perovskite heterojunction

KW - MAP5: Improvement

KW - bifacial tandem solar cells

KW - perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

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Front-contact passivation through 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions enables efficient bifacial perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

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