Abstract
The demand for flexible biochemical sensors has increased with advances in computational functionality and wireless communication. Advances in materials science and biochemistry have enabled the development and fabrication of biosensors for selective detection of biological analytes leveraging ink-printed technologies, including in flexible form-factors. However, despite these advances, minimal effort has been devoted to translating the multi-material, three-electrode electrochemical cell, which is widely regarded as the standard for laboratory-scale studies, into a flexible form-factor for use in immunosensors, especially in a manner that is compatible with rapid and scalable additive manufacturing. Here, we report a fully printed and flexible electrochemical non-enzymatic immunosensor platform that integrates four chemically compatible inks and a non-covalent, two-step biofunctionalization scheme. The robustness of the platform is demonstrated using a model aptasensor that enables lysozyme detection using both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and square wave voltammetry. The flexible, fully ink-printed aptasensor shows competitive performance to commercially available rod/disc electrodes in a bath cell. Overall, this work establishes a methodology for high-throughput fabrication of robust, flexible, multi-material, three-electrode immunosensors that can be generalized to a range of biosensor applications.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Article number | 015037 |
| Journal | Engineering Research Express |
| Volume | 4 |
| Issue number | 1 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Mar 2022 |
Funding
This work was supported by the Air Force Research Laboratory under agreement number FA8650-15-2-5518 in addition to the U.S. Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology (Award 70NANB19H005) as part of the Center for Hierarchical Materials Design (CHiMaD). This work made use of Northwestern University NUANCE Center, which has received support from the SHyNE Resource (NSF ECCS-1542205), the IIN, and the Northwestern University MRSEC (NSF DMR-1720139). 711th Human Performance Wing authors acknowledge the support from Air Force Research Laboratory. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation thereon. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of the sponsors.
Keywords
- biochemical monitoring
- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
- immunosensor
- square wave voltammetry
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Engineering