Gender-affirming surgical techniques, complications, and imaging considerations for the abdominal radiologist

Gender-affirming surgery is a group of surgical procedures that alters the physical appearance of a transgender person to resemble that socially associated with their identified gender. Masculinization and feminization surgeries include chest and breast surgery as well as genital reconstruction. The genital reconstruction surgeries have unique anatomic imaging features and are associated with complications that may require radiologic evaluation. This review provides a review of the imaging anatomy, expected findings, and complications associated with gender-affirming surgeries.