Geographic variation in trends and disparities in heart failure mortality in the united states, 1999 to 2017

Peter A. Glynn, Rebecca Molsberry, Katharine Harrington, Nilay S. Shah, Lucia C. Petito, Clyde W. Yancy, Mercedes R. Carnethon, Donald M. Lloyd-Jones, Sadiya S. Khan*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

47 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease mortality related to heart failure (HF) is rising in the United States. It is unknown whether trends in HF mortality are consistent across geographic areas and are associated with state-level variation in cardiovascular health (CVH). The goal of the present study was to assess regional and state-level trends in cardiovascular disease mortality related to HF and their association with variation in state-level CVH. METHODS AND RESULTS: Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 100 000 attributable to HF were ascertained using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research from 1999 to 2017. CVH at the state-level was quantified using the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Linear regression was used to assess temporal trends in HF AAMR were examined by census region and state and to examine the association between state-level CVH and HF AAMR. AAMR attributable to HF declined from 1999 to 2011 and increased between 2011 and 2017 across all census regions. Annual increases after 2011 were greatest in the Midwest (β=1.14 [95% CI, 0.75, 1.53]) and South (β=0.96 [0.66, 1.26]). States in the South and Midwest consistently had the highest HF AAMR in all time periods, with Mississippi having the highest AAMR (109.6 [104.5, 114.6] in 2017). Within race‒sex groups, consistent geographic patterns were observed. The variability in HF AAMR was associated with state-level CVH (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Wide geographic variation exists in HF mortality, with the highest rates and greatest recent increases observed in the South and Midwest. Higher levels of poor CVH in these states suggest the potential for interventions to promote CVH and reduce the burden of HF.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Article numbere020541
JournalJournal of the American Heart Association
Volume10
Issue number9
DOIs
StatePublished - 2021

Funding

Khan is funded by American Heart Association #19TPA34890060, KL2TR001424, P30AG059988, and P30DK092939. Research reported in this publication was supported, in part, by the National Institutes of Health’s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Grant Number KL2TR001424 (Khan). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Khan is funded by American Heart Association #19TPA34890060, KL2TR001424, P30AG059988, and P30DK092939. Research reported in this publication was supported, in part, by the National Institutes of Health?s National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Grant Number KL2TR001424 (Khan). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Keywords

  • Geographic variation
  • Health disparities
  • Heart failure
  • Prevention

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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