TY - JOUR
T1 - Habitual coffee intake and risk for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
T2 - a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
AU - Zhang, Yang
AU - Liu, Zhipeng
AU - Choudhury, Tasnim
AU - Cornelis, Marilyn C.
AU - Liu, Wanqing
N1 - Funding Information:
This study is supported in part by the NIH/NIDDK Grant (R01DK106540) (W.L.), and the start-up fund of the Office of Vice President for Research of Wayne State University (W.L.). The authors would like to thank all the genetics consortiums for making the GWAS summary data publicly available.
Funding Information:
This study is supported in part by the NIH/NIDDK Grant (R01DK106540) (W.L.), and the start-up fund of the Office of Vice President for Research of Wayne State University (W.L.). Acknowledgements
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2021/6
Y1 - 2021/6
N2 - Purpose: Epidemiological studies support a protective role of habitual coffee and caffeine consumption against the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between coffee intake and the risk of NAFLD. Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using SNPs associated with habitual coffee intake in a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) as genetic instruments and summary-level data from a published GWAS of NAFLD (1122 cases and 399,900 healthy controls) in the UK Biobank. The causal relationship was estimated with the inverse weighted method using a 4-SNP and 6-SNP instrument based on the single largest non-UK Biobank GWAS (n = 91,462) and meta-analysis (n = 121,524) of GWAS data on habitual coffee intake, respectively. To maximize power, we also used up to 77 SNPs associated with coffee intake at a liberal significance level (p ≤ 1e-4) as instruments. Results: We observed a non-significant trend towards a causal protective effect of coffee intake on NAFLD based upon either the 4-SNP (OR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.51, 1.14, p = 0.19) or 6-SNP genetic instruments (OR: 0.77; 95% CI 0.48, 1.25, p = 0.29). The result also remains non-significant when using the more liberal 77-SNP instrument. Conclusion: Our findings do not support a causal relationship between coffee intake and NAFLD risk. However, despite the largest-to-date sample size, the power of this study may be limited by the non-specificity and moderate effect size of the genetic alleles on coffee intake.
AB - Purpose: Epidemiological studies support a protective role of habitual coffee and caffeine consumption against the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the causal relationship between coffee intake and the risk of NAFLD. Methods: We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using SNPs associated with habitual coffee intake in a published genome-wide association study (GWAS) as genetic instruments and summary-level data from a published GWAS of NAFLD (1122 cases and 399,900 healthy controls) in the UK Biobank. The causal relationship was estimated with the inverse weighted method using a 4-SNP and 6-SNP instrument based on the single largest non-UK Biobank GWAS (n = 91,462) and meta-analysis (n = 121,524) of GWAS data on habitual coffee intake, respectively. To maximize power, we also used up to 77 SNPs associated with coffee intake at a liberal significance level (p ≤ 1e-4) as instruments. Results: We observed a non-significant trend towards a causal protective effect of coffee intake on NAFLD based upon either the 4-SNP (OR: 0.76; 95% CI 0.51, 1.14, p = 0.19) or 6-SNP genetic instruments (OR: 0.77; 95% CI 0.48, 1.25, p = 0.29). The result also remains non-significant when using the more liberal 77-SNP instrument. Conclusion: Our findings do not support a causal relationship between coffee intake and NAFLD risk. However, despite the largest-to-date sample size, the power of this study may be limited by the non-specificity and moderate effect size of the genetic alleles on coffee intake.
KW - Causal effect
KW - Coffee
KW - Genome-wide association study (GWAS)
KW - Mendelian randomization
KW - Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85089910803&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85089910803&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00394-020-02369-z
DO - 10.1007/s00394-020-02369-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 32856188
AN - SCOPUS:85089910803
SN - 1436-6207
VL - 60
SP - 1761
EP - 1767
JO - European Journal of Nutrition
JF - European Journal of Nutrition
IS - 4
ER -