@inproceedings{2ae398b596e54a598dca6ed94b9fc9cd,
title = "Haptic cooperation between people, and between people and machines",
abstract = "Haptic interaction between people and machines might benefit from an understanding of haptic communication between one person and another. We recently reported results showing that two people performing a physically shared dyadic task can outperform either person alone, even when the perception of each participant is that the other is a hindrance [1]. Evidently a dyad quickly negotiates a more efficient motion strategy than is available to individuals. This negotiation must take place through a haptic channel of communication, and it is apparently at a level below the awareness of the participants. Here we report results on the motion strategy that emerged. By recording forces and motions we show that the dyads {"}specialized{"} temporally such that one member took on early parts of the motion and the other late parts. Tests in which one participant's contribution was surreptitiously replaced by a motor did not elicit a similar cooperative response from the remaining human participant, showing that the language of haptic communication between people must be rather subtle.",
author = "Reed, {Kyle B.} and Michael Peshkin and Hartmann, {Mitra J.} and James Patton and Vishton, {Peter M.} and Marcia Grabowecky",
year = "2006",
doi = "10.1109/IROS.2006.282489",
language = "English (US)",
isbn = "142440259X",
series = "IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems",
pages = "2109--2114",
booktitle = "2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 2006",
note = "2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS 2006 ; Conference date: 09-10-2006 Through 15-10-2006",
}