High-performance sodium-organic battery by realizing four-sodium storage in disodium rhodizonate

Minah Lee; Jihyun Hong; Jeffrey Lopez; Yongming Sun; Dawei Feng; Kipil Lim; William C. Chueh; Michael F. Toney; Yi Cui; Zhenan Bao

doi:10.1038/s41560-017-0014-y

High-performance sodium-organic battery by realizing four-sodium storage in disodium rhodizonate

Minah Lee, Jihyun Hong, Jeffrey Lopez, Yongming Sun, Dawei Feng, Kipil Lim, William C. Chueh, Michael F. Toney, Yi Cui, Zhenan Bao^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Chemical and Biological Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

374 Scopus citations

Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) for grid-scale applications need active materials that combine a high energy density with sustainability. Given the high theoretical specific capacity 501 mAh g^-1, and Earth abundance of disodium rhodizonate (Na₂C₆O₆), it is one of the most promising cathodes for SIBs. However, substantially lower reversible capacities have been obtained compared with the theoretical value and the understanding of this discrepancy has been limited. Here, we reveal that irreversible phase transformation of Na₂C₆O₆ during cycling is the origin of the deteriorating redox activity of Na₂C₆O₆. The active-particle size and electrolyte conditions were identified as key factors to decrease the activation barrier of the phase transformation during desodiation. On the basis of this understanding, we achieved four-sodium storage in a Na₂C₆O₆ electrode with a reversible capacity of 484 mAh g^-1, an energy density of 726 Wh kg^-1 _cathode, an energy efficiency above 87% and a good cycle retention.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	861-868
Number of pages	8
Journal	Nature Energy
Volume	2
Issue number	11
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-017-0014-y
State	Published - Nov 1 2017

Funding

We acknowledge the support from the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Vehicle Technologies of the U.S. Department of Energy through the Advanced Battery Materials Research (BMR) Program and Battery500 Consortium. M.L. acknowledges partial support by the Postdoctoral Fellowship from the National Research Foundation of Korea under Grant No. NRF-2017R1A6A3A03007053. J.L. acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE-114747. X-ray measurements were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL), a national user facility operated by Stanford University on behalf of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences. The authors thank C.J. Tassone and T.J. Dunn for assistance during the XRD experiment at SSRL beamline 1–5.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Fuel Technology
Energy Engineering and Power Technology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1038/s41560-017-0014-y

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title = "High-performance sodium-organic battery by realizing four-sodium storage in disodium rhodizonate",

abstract = "Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) for grid-scale applications need active materials that combine a high energy density with sustainability. Given the high theoretical specific capacity 501 mAh g-1, and Earth abundance of disodium rhodizonate (Na2C6O6), it is one of the most promising cathodes for SIBs. However, substantially lower reversible capacities have been obtained compared with the theoretical value and the understanding of this discrepancy has been limited. Here, we reveal that irreversible phase transformation of Na2C6O6 during cycling is the origin of the deteriorating redox activity of Na2C6O6. The active-particle size and electrolyte conditions were identified as key factors to decrease the activation barrier of the phase transformation during desodiation. On the basis of this understanding, we achieved four-sodium storage in a Na2C6O6 electrode with a reversible capacity of 484 mAh g-1, an energy density of 726 Wh kg-1 cathode, an energy efficiency above 87% and a good cycle retention.",

author = "Minah Lee and Jihyun Hong and Jeffrey Lopez and Yongming Sun and Dawei Feng and Kipil Lim and Chueh, {William C.} and Toney, {Michael F.} and Yi Cui and Zhenan Bao",

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AU - Hong, Jihyun

AU - Lopez, Jeffrey

AU - Sun, Yongming

AU - Feng, Dawei

AU - Lim, Kipil

AU - Chueh, William C.

AU - Toney, Michael F.

AU - Cui, Yi

AU - Bao, Zhenan

PY - 2017/11/1

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N2 - Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) for grid-scale applications need active materials that combine a high energy density with sustainability. Given the high theoretical specific capacity 501 mAh g-1, and Earth abundance of disodium rhodizonate (Na2C6O6), it is one of the most promising cathodes for SIBs. However, substantially lower reversible capacities have been obtained compared with the theoretical value and the understanding of this discrepancy has been limited. Here, we reveal that irreversible phase transformation of Na2C6O6 during cycling is the origin of the deteriorating redox activity of Na2C6O6. The active-particle size and electrolyte conditions were identified as key factors to decrease the activation barrier of the phase transformation during desodiation. On the basis of this understanding, we achieved four-sodium storage in a Na2C6O6 electrode with a reversible capacity of 484 mAh g-1, an energy density of 726 Wh kg-1 cathode, an energy efficiency above 87% and a good cycle retention.

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High-performance sodium-organic battery by realizing four-sodium storage in disodium rhodizonate

Abstract

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ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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