TY - JOUR
T1 - HIV-1 Central Nervous System Compartmentalization and Cytokine Interplay in Non-Subtype B HIV-1 Infections in Nigeria and Malawi
AU - Adewumi, Olubusuyi Moses
AU - Dukhovlinova, Elena
AU - Shehu, Nathan Y.
AU - Zhou, Shuntai
AU - Council, Olivia D.
AU - Akanbi, Maxwell O.
AU - Taiwo, Babafemi
AU - Ogunniyi, Adesola
AU - Robertson, Kevin
AU - Kanyama, Cecilia
AU - Hosseinipour, Mina C.
AU - Swanstrom, Ronald
N1 - Funding Information:
Postdoctoral training for O.M.A. and the study were supported by the Fogarty International Center of the National Institutes of Health under award number 5D43TW009608-03.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2020, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2020.
PY - 2020/6/1
Y1 - 2020/6/1
N2 - HIV-1 compartmentalization in the central nervous system (CNS) and its contribution to neurological disease have been well documented. Previous studies were conducted among people infected with subtypes B or C where CNS compartmentalization has been observed when comparing viral sequences in the blood to virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, little is known about CNS compartmentalization in other HIV-1 subtypes. Using a deep sequencing approach with Primer ID, we conducted a cross-sectional study among Nigerian and Malawian HIV-1 cohorts with or without fungal Cryptococcus infection diagnosed as cryptococcal meningitis (CM) to determine the extent of CSF/CNS compartmentalization with CM. Paired plasma and CSF samples from 45 participants were also analyzed for cytokine/chemokine levels. Viral populations comparing virus in the blood and the CSF ranged from compartmentalized to equilibrated, including minor or partial compartmentalization or clonal amplification of a single viral sequence. The frequency of compartmentalized viral populations in the blood and CSF was similar between the CM-and CM+ participants. We confirmed the potential to see compartmentalization with subtype C infection and have also documented CNS compartmentalization of an HIV-1 subtype G infection. Cytokine profiles indicated a proinflammatory environment, especially within the CSF/CNS. However, sCD163 was suppressed in the CSF in the presence of CM, perhaps due to elevated levels of IL-4, which were also a feature of the cytokine profile, showing a distinct cytokine profile with CM.
AB - HIV-1 compartmentalization in the central nervous system (CNS) and its contribution to neurological disease have been well documented. Previous studies were conducted among people infected with subtypes B or C where CNS compartmentalization has been observed when comparing viral sequences in the blood to virus in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). However, little is known about CNS compartmentalization in other HIV-1 subtypes. Using a deep sequencing approach with Primer ID, we conducted a cross-sectional study among Nigerian and Malawian HIV-1 cohorts with or without fungal Cryptococcus infection diagnosed as cryptococcal meningitis (CM) to determine the extent of CSF/CNS compartmentalization with CM. Paired plasma and CSF samples from 45 participants were also analyzed for cytokine/chemokine levels. Viral populations comparing virus in the blood and the CSF ranged from compartmentalized to equilibrated, including minor or partial compartmentalization or clonal amplification of a single viral sequence. The frequency of compartmentalized viral populations in the blood and CSF was similar between the CM-and CM+ participants. We confirmed the potential to see compartmentalization with subtype C infection and have also documented CNS compartmentalization of an HIV-1 subtype G infection. Cytokine profiles indicated a proinflammatory environment, especially within the CSF/CNS. However, sCD163 was suppressed in the CSF in the presence of CM, perhaps due to elevated levels of IL-4, which were also a feature of the cytokine profile, showing a distinct cytokine profile with CM.
KW - CNS compartmentalization
KW - HIV-1
KW - cryptococcal meningitis
KW - cytokine
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85085904145&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85085904145&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1089/aid.2019.0245
DO - 10.1089/aid.2019.0245
M3 - Article
C2 - 31914800
AN - SCOPUS:85085904145
SN - 0889-2229
VL - 36
SP - 490
EP - 500
JO - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
JF - AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses
IS - 6
ER -